IRAN

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IRAN
Prepared by Iman Mobayen
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Agenda

• Documentary
• History
• Geography
• Economy
• Culture
• Social life
• Q A

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History

• 10,000 BC -- Old village of Maymand carved in
  rocks located in Shahr-e Babak, Kerman-Iran
• 8000 BC -- permanent settlements and the creation
  of complex civilizations. The Iranian plateau
  became the cradle of one of the oldest
  civilizations in history.
• 6,000 BC first artifacts
• 5000 BC -- The Haji Firuz Tepe Wine Jar,
  discovered in Iran, oldest archaeological finding
  of wine-making in the world
• 3900 BC -- Sialk (near Kashan), the first city on
  the Iranian plateau, was built
• 2700 BC --The Elamite dynasty dates back to
• 1000 - 1200 BC -- The Prophet Zoroaster was one
  of the first prophets to introduce the concepts
  of monotheism

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• 550 BC Cyrus the Great and the first empire
• 510 BC The Persian Royal Road is built,
• running from Sardis (in Anatolia) to Susa,
• facilitating trade, taxation, and communications
• 330 BC The Persian empire was sustained and
• further developed after Alexanders invasion
• 636 AD Arabs invaded Persia and Islam replaced
  Zoroastrian as the national religion
• Despite invasion by Arabs, Mongols, and Turks,
  Persian culture and identity survived over the
  centuries
• 1979 First time in its history, Iran became a
  Republic, the
• last revolution of the 20th century overthrew
  the shah
• 1980 to 1988 the country was at war with Iraq,
• Saddam Hussein was supported by the U.S.

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Persian Empire
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Castles
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Persian Palaces
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Geography

• Shape Persian cat
• Second largest country in the Middle East,
• Highest Point Mt. Damavand 18,934 ft. (5,671m)
• Lowest Point Caspian Sea (-28 m)
• Total area 1.65 million square km
• Iran has large deposits of natural
  resources. Petroleum, natural gas, coal,
  chromium, copper, iron ore, lead, manganese,
  zinc, and sulfur  
• 26 provinces
• Neighbors Iraq, Turkey, Afghanistan, Pakistan,
  Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan

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Area and Climate
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Wild Life
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Flowers
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Tehran
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Economy

• Population 69.4 M
• Real GDP growth  6.0
• Inflation  14
• Unemployment 11
• Main export partners Japan, China, Italy, South
  Africa, South Korea
• Main import partners Germany, Italy, China, UAE,
  France
• Main exports Oil Gas, Chemicals and
  Petrochemicals, Dried fruit nuts 
• Main imports Raw materials intermediate goods,
  Capital goods, Consumer goods 

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Oil Gas

• Oil earnings over 80 of export revenue
• Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
  (OPEC)
• OPECs second largest oil producer, 10 percent of
  the worlds proven oil reserves
• Gasoline, subsidized price of 8.7 cents per liter
• Second largest reserves of gas, behind Russia
• Worlds fourth largest producer and exporter of
  oil
• Third largest proven oil reserves

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Culture

• Ethnic groups Persians 51, Azeri 24, Gilaki
  and Mazandarani 8, Kurd 7, Arab 3, Lur 2,
  Balouch 2, Turkmen 2
• Approximately 60 of the population is under 30
  years of age
• Language Persian 58, Turkic languages (besides
  Turkish) 26, Kurdish 9, Luri 2, Balochi 1,
  Arabic 1, Turkish 1, other 2.
• Text right to left
• Religion Shi'a Muslim 89 Sunni Muslim 9
  Zoroastrian, Jewish, Christian, and Baha'i 2

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Hofstedes Cultural Dimensions
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Iran's Contribution to the World

• Grape Vine and Wine
• Rose
• Spinach
• Pottery and Ceramics
• Textile Industry
• First Bricks
• The Wheel
• Roads

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Iran's Contribution to the World

• Post and couriers
• First Banks
• Pants and long coats
• Gloves
• Polo (Chowgan)
• Early forks, spoons and knives
• Perfumes
• Baths
• World's First Orchestra

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National Traditions

• Norouz New Years day, first day of Spring, March
  21
• Char-Shanbe Suri last Tuesday night of the solar
  calender
• Sizdah-bedar 13th day of New Year
• Yalda Night The longest night of the year in the
  solar calender, December 21

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The Spread of The Seven Ss (Haft-Sin)
1- Sabzeh or sprouts 2- Samanu a pudding 3- Sib
or apple 4- Senjed a sweet 5- Seer or garlic 6-
Somaq sumac berries 7- Serkeh or vinegar Sekkeh
or coin Sonbol or Hyacinth
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Char-Shanbe Suri

• On the eve of the last Tuesday of the year bon
  fires are made and people jump over the fire,
  while shouting 'sorkhie tu az man, zardieh man
  az tu'.  Your fiery red color is mine and my
  sickly yellow paleness is yours. This is a
  purification rite and Iranians believe by going
  over the fire they will get rid of all their
  illnesses and misfortunes.

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Seezdeh-be-Dar

• New Year festivities goes on for 13 days and
  ends on the 13th day known as Seezdeh-be-Dar
  which literally means getting rid of the omen of
  the 13th day. On this day it is custom to pass as
  many hours as possible out-doors. All people will
  leave their homes to go to the parks or local
  plains for a very festive picnic. It is a must to
  spend this day in nature.

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Yalda Night

• A celebration of Winter Solstice on December
  21st. The last day of the Persian month Azar is
  the longest night of the year. Since the days are
  getting longer and the nights shorter, this day
  marks the victory of the Sun over darkness.

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Churches
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Art and Architecture
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PersianPainting
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Persian Calligraphy
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Persian Gardens
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Persian Architecture
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Modern Architecture
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Crown Jewels
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Persian rugs
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Persian Gabbeh
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Persian Handicrafts
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Society

• Pictures and Music

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Fruits
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Dried Fruits-Nuts
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Persian Caviar
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Iranian Women

• Started voting in 1963
• University students, 56

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