BSEC Hydrogen energy: Objectives and Perspectives Hydrogen energy in Serbia cooperation of science,

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BSEC Hydrogen energy Objectives and
Perspectives Hydrogen energy in
Serbia-cooperation of science, technology and
practice
Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy Karnegijeva
4 11020, Belgrade Serbia
Prof. Dr. Branimir Grgur Faculty of Technology
and Metallurgy Karnegijeva 4 11020, Belgrade,
Serbia E-mail BNGrgur_at_TMF.BG.AC.YU
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Hydrogen in Serbia Objectives
Resources of hydrogen in Serbia
Hydrogen based FUEL CELLS - Reforming of
natural gas, bio gas, methanol - Water
electrolysis Hydrogen storage and metal-hydride
batteries
-natural gas -bio gas -methanol -water
electrolysis electricity form RES and
reversible hydro potentials
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Science Technology in Serbia

• Well equipped with standard electrochemical
  techniques,
• Missing of the advanced characterization
  equipment,
• Developed catalysts for the FUEL CELLS and WATER
  ELECTROLYSIS, kinetics of the reactions (H2, O2,
  methanol..)
• PtMo, PtRu, PtRe, PtCo, PtNi,
• Ru-based, Ni(Co, Fe)-based.......
• Hydrogen storage (absorption alloys,
  metal-hydride batteries)
• Existing study of the renewable energy potentials
  (solar and wind) in Serbia

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Results Scientific papers

• B.N. Grgur, N.M. Markovic, P.N. Ross, On the
  Mechanism of CO Tolerance of Pt-Mo Alloy
  Electrcatalyst, Proceedings of the 2nd
  International Symposium on Proton Conducting
  Membrane Fuel Cells II, Vol. 98-27 S.Gottesfeld,
  T.F. Fuller (eds), The Electrochem. Soc. INC.,
  Pennington, NJ, 1998, 176-185
• M. D. Obradovic . B. N. Grgur, S. Lj. Gojkovic,
  Lj. M. Vracar, Enhancement of the electrochemical
  reduction of oxygen at platinum by nickel
  underpotential deposition  Journal of Solid State
  Electrochemistry 11 (1) (2006) pp. 77-83
• B.Z. Jugovic, T. Lj. Triovic, J.S. Stevanovic,
  M.D. Maksimovic, B.N. Grgur, Comparative studies
  of chloride and chloride/citrate based
  electrolytes for zincpolyaniline batteries,
  Electrochim. Acta, 51(28) (2006) 6268-6274.
• B.Z. Jugovic, T. Lj. Triovic, J.S. Stevanovic,
  M.D. Maksimovic, B.N. Grgur Novel electrolyte for
  zincpolyaniline batteries , Journal of Power
  Sources, 160 (2006), 1447-1450
• V Stamenkovic, B.N. Grgur, P.N. Ross, N.M.
  Markovic, Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Pt and
  Pt-Bimetallic Electrodes Covered by CO Mechanism
  of the Air Bleed Effect with Reformate, J.
  Electrochem. Soc., 152(2)(2005)A277-A282.
• M.D.Obradovic, B.N.Grgur, Lj.M.Vracar, Adsorption
  of Oxygen Containing Species and Their Effect on
  Oxygen Reduction on Pt3Co Electrode,
  J.Electroanal.Chem. 548(2003)69-78.
• S. Stankovic, B. Grgur, N. Krstajic, M.Vojnovic,
  Kinetics of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on
  Zinc in Near Neutral EDTA Solutions,
  J.Electroanl. Chem., 549(2003)37-47.
• A.V. Tripkovic, K.D. Popovic, B.N. Grgur, B.
  Blizanac, P.N.Ross, N.M. Markovic,
  Electrooxidation on Supported Pt and Pt-Ru
  Catalusts in Acid and Alkaline Solutions,
  Electrochim. Acta, 47(2002)3707-3714.
• N. Krstajic, M. Popovic, B. Grgur, M. Vojnovic,
  D. Sepa, On the Kinetics of the Hydrogen
  Evolution Reaction on nickel in Alkaline
  Solution, Part I The Mechanism, J. Electroanal.
  Chem., 512(2001)16-26.
• N. Krstajic, M. Popovic, B. Grgur, M. Vojnovic D.
  Sepa, On the Kinetics of the Hydrogen Evolution
  Reaction on nickel in Alkaline Solution, Part II
  Effect of Temperature, J. Electroanal. Chem.,
  512(2001)27-35.

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• T.J. Shmidt, B.N. Grgur, N.M. Markovic, P.N.
  Ross, Oscillatory Behavior in the Electrochemical
  Oxidation of Formic Acid on Pt(100) Rotation and
  Temperature Effect, J. Electroanal. Chem.,
  500(2001)36-43.
• T.J. Shmidt, R.J. Behm, B.N. Grgur, N.M.
  Markovic, P.N. Ross, Formic Acid Oxidation on
  Pure and Bi Modified Pt(111) Temperature Effect,
  Langmuir, 16(2000)8169-8176.
• T.J. Shmidt, B.N. Grgur, R.J. Behm, N.M.
  Markovic, P.N. Ross, Bi Adsorption on Pt(111) in
  Perchloric Acid Solution, a RRDE and XPS Study,
  Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2(19)(2000)4379-4386.
• N.M. Markovic, B.N. Grgur, C.A. Lucas, P.N. Ross,
  Surface Chemistru of CO on Pt(100)-Bimetallic
  Surfaces Displacement Effects, Langmuir,
  4(2000)1998-2005.
• C.A. Lucas, N.M. Markovic, B.N. Grgur, P.N. Ross,
  Structural Effect During CO Adsorption on
  Pt-Bimetallic Surfaces. I. The Pt(100) electrode,
  Surf. Sci., 448(2000)65-76.
• M.M. Popovic, B.N. Grgur, M.V. Vojnovic, P.
  Rakin, N.V. Krstajic, Electrochemical Studies on
  LaNi4.15Co0.43Mn0.4Fe0.02 Metal Hydride Alloy, J.
  Alloys. Comp., 298(2000)97-113.
• N.M. Markovic, B.N. Grgur, C.A. Lucas, P.N. Ross,
  Surface Electrochemistry of CO and H2/CO Mixtures
  at Pt(100) Interface Electrode Kinetics and
  Interfacial Structrures, J.Phys.Chem.B 103,
  44(1999)9616-9623.
• N.M. Markovic, T.J. Schmidt, B.N. Grgur, H.A.
  Gasteiger, R.J. Behm, P.N. Ross, Effect of
  Temperature on Surface Processes at the
  Pt(111)-Liquid Interface Hydrogen Adsorption,
  Oxide Formation, and CO Oxidation, J.Phys.Chem.B
  103, 40(1999)8568-8577.
• N.M. Markovic, H.A. Gasteiger, B.N. Grgur, P.N.
  Ross, Oxygen reduction reaction on Pt(111)
  effects of bromide, J. Electroanal. Chem., 467,
  1-2(1999)157-163.
• N.M. Markovic, B.N. Grgur, C.A. Lucas, P.N.
  Ross,., Electrooxidation of CO and H2/CO Mixtures
  on Pt(111) in Acid Solutions, J.Phys.Chem.B.,
  103(1999)487-495.

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• B.N.Grgur, N.M. Markovic, P.N. Ross, The
  Electro-oxidation of H2 and H2/CO Mixtures on
  Carbon-Supported PtxMoy Alloy Catalysts, J.
  Electrochem.Soc., 5(1999)1613-1619.
• S. Mukerjee, S.J.Lee, E.A.Ticianelli, J. McBreen,
  B.N. Grgur, N.M. Markovi?, P.N. Ross, J.R.
  Giallombardo, E.S. De Castro, Investigation of
  Enhanced CO Tolerance in Proton Excange Membrane
  Fuel Cells by Carbon Supported PtMo Alloy
  Catalyst, Electrochemical and Solid State
  Letters, 2(1999)12-15.
• B.N. Grgur, N.M. Markovic, P.N. Ross,
  Electrooxidation of H2, CO and H2/CO Mixtures on
  a Well-Characterized Pt-Re Bulk Alloy Electrode
  and Comparison with Other Pt Binary Alloys,
  Electrochim. Acta, 24(1998)3631-3635.
• B.N. Grgur, N.M. Markovic, P.N. Ross, The
  Electrooxidation of H2, CO and H2/CO Mixtures on
  a Well-Characterized Pt70Mo30 Alloy Surface,
  J.Phys.Chem. B., 14(1998)2494-2501.
• J.M. Jaksic, N.V. Krstajic, B.N. Grgur, M.M.
  Jaksic, Hydridic and Electrocatalytic Properties
  of Hypo-Hyper-d-Electronic Combinations of
  Transition Metal Intermetallic Phases, Int. J.
  Hydrogen Energy, 23(1998)667-681.
• N.M. Markovic, B.N. Grgur, C.A .Lucas, P.N. Ross,
  Surface Electrochemistry of CO on Pt(110)-(1x2)
  and Pt(110)-(1x1) Surface, Surf. Sci.,
  384(1997)805-814.
• N.M. Markovic, B.N. Grgur, P.N. Ross, Temperature
  Dependent Hydrogen Electrochemistry on Platinum
  Low-Index Single Crystal Surfaces in Acid
  solutions, J.Phys.Chem.B, 27(1997)5405-5413.
• B.N. Grgur, N.M. Markovic, P.N. Ross,
  Temperature-Dependent Oxygen Electrochemistry on
  platinum Low-Index Single Crystal Surfaces in
  Acid solutions, Can. J.Chem. 75(1997)1465-1471.
• B.N. Grgur, G. Zhuang, N.M. Markovi?, P.N. Ross,
  The Electrooxidation of H2/CO Mixtures on a
  Well-Characterized Pt75Mo25 Alloy Surface,
  J.Phys.Chem. B., 20(1997)3910-3913.
• N.V. Krstajic, B.N. Grgur, N.S. Mladenovic, M.V.
  Vojnovic, M.M. Jaksic., The Determination of
  Kinetics Parameters of the Hydrogen Evolution on
  Ti-Ni Alloys by AC Impedance., Electrochim.
  Acta., 2(1997)323-330.

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• N.V. Krstajic, B.N. Grgur, M. Zdujic, M.V.
  Vojnovic, M.M. Jaksic, Kinetic Properties of the
  Ti-Ni Intermetallic Phases and Alloys for
  Hydrogen Evolution, Journal of Alloys and
  Compounds, 257(1997)245-252.
• B. N. Grgur, N. V. Krstajic, N. Elezovic, V. D.
  Jovic, Electrodeposition and characterization of
  Fe-Mo alloys as cathodes for hydrogen evolution
  in the process of chlorate production,
  J.Serb.Chem.Soc., 70, 6(2005)879-890
• M.N. Deic, M.M. Popovic, M.D. Obradovic, Lj.M.
  Vracar, B.N. Grgur, Study of gold-platinum and
  platinum-gold surface modification and its
  influence on hydrogen evolution and oxygen
  reduction, J.Serb.Chem.Soc., 69(2005) 231-242.
• M. D. Obradovic B. N. Grgur, Lj. M. Vracar,
  Comparative Potentiodynamic Study of Nickel and
  Hydrogen Underpotential Deposition at
  Polycrystalline Platinum Electrode in Weak Acid
  and Neutral Solutions, Mater. Sci. Forum, Vol.
  494 (2005) pp. 241-246
• M.D. Obradovic, B.N. Grgur, Lj.M. Vracar,
  Apparent Enthalpies of Activation for Oxygen
  Reduction at Pt3Co Electrode in Alkaline
  Solution, Mater. Sci. Forum, 453-454(2004)109-114.
  
• S. Stankovic, B. Grgur, B.Jovic, N. Krstajic, O.
  Pavlovic, M.Vojnovic, Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
  from EDTA Solutions, Mater. Sci. Forum, 413(2002)
  185- 190.
• B.N.Grgur, N.M. Markovic, C.A. Lucas, P.N. Ross
  Jr, Electrochemical oxidation of carbon monoxide
  from platinum single crystals to low temperature
  fuel cells catalysts. Part II Electrooxidation
  of H2, CO and H2/CO mixtures on a well
  characterized PtMo alloys, J.Serb.Chem.Soc.,
  68(2003)191-205.
• B.N.Grgur, N.M. Markovic, C.A. Lucas, P.N. Ross
  Jr, Electrochemical oxidation of carbon monoxide
  from platinum single crystals to the low
  temperature fuel cells catalysts. Part I Carbon
  monoxide oxidation onto low index platinum single
  crystals, J.Serb.Chem.Soc., 66(2001)785-797.
• M.M. Jaksic, C.M. Lacnjevac, B.N. Grgur, N.V.
  Krstaji, Volcano Plots Along Intrmetallic
  Hypo-hiper-d-electronic Phase Diagrams and
  Electrocatalysis for Hydrogen Electrode Reaction,
  J. New Mat. Electrochem. Systems, 3(2000)169-182.

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Technology
Water electrolysis device

• Computerized electrolyser with PLC-GSM
  communication
• (via cell phone)

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Cooperation of technology and practice
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INICIATORS

• Group for Renewable Energy Sources organized by
  SCC
• Impetus and promotions of Renewable Energy
  Sources
• Strong impulse for technological development and
  coordination,
• Significant help in communication and
  organizations.

REGULATIVES ?
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• http//www.srbijagas.com/
• 21000 Novi Sad Narodnog fronta 12 Tel 381 21
  481 2703 Fax [phone]  
• 11070 Novi Beograd Autoput 11 Tel [phone]
  033 Fax [phone]  
• Distribution of the natural gas

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MSK- Kikinda23300 KIKINDA, Miloevacki put b.b.
Serbia

• methanol (99.85)-from natural gas
• 200,000 t/g

- Reforming of methanol (H2) - DMFC
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IKARBUS -Belgrade Autoput 24, 11000 Beograd,
SrbijaTel (011) 314.92.29ikarbus_at_eunet.yuwww.i
karbus.co.yu
ECO BUSIK-103 is a bus, powered by pressured
natural gas, designed as public-transport citiy
bus and, especially, in areas with strict ecology
norms. IK-103 satisfy EURO-5 standard, according
to low emission of noxious pollutants and low
noise level, as well as Californian ULEV
standards, the most strict in the world. This
model can travel 400 kilometers, without
refueling.

• Electric power
• Application of Fuel Cells?
• Metal-hydride batteries?

?
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• Perspectives
• WP1
• Review of the RES potential and existing hydrogen
  market in Serbia (based mainly on existing
  studies)
• FP7 ?- to be discussed