In life there is time for everything, to be born, to admire all the beautiful things that surround u

1

• In life there is time for everything, to be
  born, to admire all the beautiful things that
  surround us, to learn from our errors, to cry and
  smile What is important is not be ahead of our
  time and to learn how to wait for each of those
  moments.

Management of Drip/ Micro or Trickle Irrigation
by M. R. Goyal
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CHAPTER 12SERVICE AND MAINTENANCE
lthttp//www.bioone.org/archive/0276-4741/23/1/pdf/
i0276-4741-23-1-27.pdfgt
Management of Drip/ Micro or Trickle Irrigation
by M. R. Goyal
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Chapter XII Service and Maintenance
INTRODUCTION

• Orifices in the drip lines or the emitter emit
  water to the soil.
• Emitters allow only few liters or gallons per
  hour of water.
• Emitters can be easily obstructed with clogging
  agents. (physical, chemical and biological)
• Clogging can reduce the degree of emission, the
  uniformity of water distribution.

Management of Drip/ Micro or Trickle Irrigation
by M. R. Goyal
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Chapter XII Service and Maintenance
INTRODUCTION

• 5. Once the system has been obstructed, it
  becomes more difficult to restore the normal
  water flow.
• 6. Therefore, we must prevent the obstructions in
  the filter, laterals and emitters with a good
  maintenance and periodic service of the system.

Management of Drip/ Micro or Trickle Irrigation
by M. R. Goyal
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Chapter XII Service and Maintenance
Considerations for an adequate operation

• Pay strict attention to the filtration and
  flushing operation. (See chapter VII)
• Maintenance of an adequate operating pressure in
  the main submain and lateral lines.
• Flushing and periodic inspection of the drip
  irrigation system.

Management of Drip/ Micro or Trickle Irrigation
by M. R. Goyal
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Chapter XII Service and Maintenance
MAINTENACE AND FLUSHING FILTERS

• Normal operating pressure 2 5 psi.
• The filtration system should be cleaned and
  flushed, when the pressure difference is from 10
  psi to 15 psi.
• 3. The filters must be flushed before each
  irrigation operation.

Management of Drip/ Micro or Trickle Irrigation
by M. R. Goyal
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Chapter XII Service and Maintenance FLUSHING
METHOD

• The frequency of flushing depends on the quality
  of irrigation water.
• Open the ends of the distribution lines, and the
  lateral lines. Allow the flow of water through
  the lines until all the sediments are taken out
  of the lines.

Management of Drip/ Micro or Trickle Irrigation
by M. R. Goyal
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Chapter XII Service and Maintenance FLUSHING
METHOD

• 3. Close the ends of the distribution lines.
  Begin to close the lines one after another, from
  one block to second, and so on.
• 4. There must be a sufficient pressure to flush
  out all the sediments.

Management of Drip/ Micro or Trickle Irrigation
by M. R. Goyal
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Chapter XII Service and Maintenance CLEANING
WITH PRESSURIZED AIR LINES

• When there is an organic material in the water,
  it may be necessary to use pressurized air to
  clean the drippers.
• Before beginning this process, the water is
  passed through the lines for a period of 15
  minutes.

Management of Drip/ Micro or Trickle Irrigation
by M. R. Goyal
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Chapter XII Service and Maintenance CLEANING
WITH PRESSURIZED AIR LINES

• 3. When the system is full of water, then the air
  at 7 bars of pressure is applied through the
  system.
• 4. The compressed air will clean the lines,
  laterals and drippers of the accumulated organic
  material.

Management of Drip/ Micro or Trickle Irrigation
by M. R. Goyal
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Chapter XII Service and Maintenance CLEANING
WITH ACIDS

• The clogging is also caused due to precipitation
  of salt. Cleaning with acids will help to
  dissolve the chemical deposits.
• This process is not effective to remove the
  organic material (See Chapter VII, X and XI).
• Sodium hypochlorite (at the rate of one ppm) can
  be injected on the suction side of a pump for 45
  to 90 minutes before shutting down the system.

Management of Drip/ Micro or Trickle Irrigation
by M. R. Goyal
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Chapter XII Service and Maintenance CLEANING
WITH ACIDS

• 4. The best time of injection is after flushing
  of the sand filters, because the chlorine
  prevents the growth of bacteria in the sand.
• The surface water containing iron can be treated
  with chlorine or commercial bleaching agent for
  45 minutes to lower the pH lt6.5 of the irrigation
  water.
• 6. At pHgt 6.5, certain reactions in combination
  with the precipitates of iron may gradually
  obstruct the irrigation lines.

Management of Drip/ Micro or Trickle Irrigation
by M. R. Goyal
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Chapter XII Service and Maintenance CLEANING
WITH ACIDS

• 7. One may use HCL at a concentration of 33- 35
  and commercial grade phosphoric acid.
• Before using the acid, the water is allowed to
  pass through the system at a pressure greater
  than the operating pressure.
• Open the gate valve to fill the fertilizer tank
  up to two third (2/3) parts of capacity of a
  tank.
• Add the acid at the rate of one liter of acid per
  each cubic meter per hour of flow rate.

Management of Drip/ Micro or Trickle Irrigation
by M. R. Goyal
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Chapter XII Service and Maintenance
CLEANING WITH ACIDS

• 11. Inject the diluted acid into the system, as
  one will inject the fertilizer, in a normal
  process.

Management of Drip/ Micro or Trickle Irrigation
by M. R. Goyal
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Chapter XII Service and Maintenance CLEANING
WITH ACIDS

• Caution When using the fertilizer tank, first
  pour the water and then add the acid.

Management of Drip/ Micro or Trickle Irrigation
by M. R. Goyal
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Chapter XII Service and Maintenance METHODS TO
REPAIR TUBES OR DRIP LINES

• The orifices of biwall tubing may be obstructed
  due to salts etc.
• Polyethylene tubing of small diameter is used as
  a bypass method to repair these drip lines.
• 3. If the line is broken or there is an excessive
  escape of water, the pipe or the tube is cut down
  and is connected with a union or a coupling.
• 4. If the main line is made of flexible nylon
  flat and is leaking, then use a small piece of
  PVC pipe of same diameter to insert into the
  flexible nylon tubing. The both ends are
  tightened with the use of pipe clamps.

Management of Drip/ Micro or Trickle Irrigation
by M. R. Goyal
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Chapter XII Service and Maintenance SERVICING
BEFORE THE SOWING SEASON

• Use irrigation water to clean and flush all the
  distribution and the drip lines.
• Wash with water and clean the pump house.
  Lubricate all valves and accessories.
• Turn on the pump and activate the system. Check
  the pipes and drip lines for leakage. Repair if
  necessary.
• If the system has been used previously, then
  cleaning and flushing should be carried out for a
  longer period of time. It is particularly
  important in sandy soils, as the sand can
  penetrate into the pipe during the removal of
  lines.

Management of Drip/ Micro or Trickle Irrigation
by M. R. Goyal
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Chapter XII Service and Maintenance
SERVICING AT THE END OF CROP SEASON

• Flush the pipes. Clean the filters and other
  components of the system.
• Lubricate all the gate valves and accessories in
  the pump house.
• If the pipes are permanently installed in the
  field and cannot be removed at the end of a crop
  season, keep these free of soil and weeds that
  can grow nearby.

Management of Drip/ Micro or Trickle Irrigation
by M. R. Goyal
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Chapter XII Service and Maintenance
SERVICING AT THE END OF CROP SEASON

• 4. If the system can be moved from one place to
  another (according to the season), the following
  procedure is adequate
• a. Flush and clean all the system.
• b. Remove the drip lines and collect these
  carefully
• c. It is best to leave the main lines in place.
  If it is not possible or if there
• is a need for transfer to an area,
  then these should be rolled. Close
• both ends and store in the shaded area.
• d. It is advisable to label the hoses with tags
  
• Distance between orifices and
  frequency of use.

Management of Drip/ Micro or Trickle Irrigation
by M. R. Goyal
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Chapter XII Service and
Maintenance TROUBLE SHOOTINGPressure
difference gt Recommended value
Management of Drip/ Micro or Trickle Irrigation
by M. R. Goyal
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Chapter XII Service and Maintenance TROUBLE
SHOOTINGLaterals (or drip liens) and drippers
are clogged
Management of Drip/ Micro or Trickle Irrigation
by M. R. Goyal
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Chapter XII Service and Maintenance TROUBLE
SHOOTING Laterals (or drip liens) and drippers
are clogged
Management of Drip/ Micro or Trickle Irrigation
by M. R. Goyal
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Chapter XII Service and Maintenance TROUBLE
SHOOTING Pressure is increased
Management of Drip/ Micro or Trickle Irrigation
by M. R. Goyal
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Chapter XII Service and Maintenance

Flow meter to measure the volume of water
applied. lthttp//www.itrc.org/reports/salinity/lea
ching.pdfgt
Management of Drip/ Micro or Trickle Irrigation
by M. R. Goyal
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Chapter XII Service and Maintenance
Water source, pump, and check valve assembly
Kati L. White. lthttp//edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffile
s/AE/AE35800.pdfgt
Management of Drip/ Micro or Trickle Irrigation
by M. R. Goyal
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Chapter XII Service and Maintenance

• Those who forget their friends, forget their own
  past but loose a part of their future...

Management of Drip/ Micro or Trickle Irrigation
by M. R. Goyal