Training for Competence

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Training for Competence A step change in aviation
regulation
Captain Michael Varney IATA
Captain David Owens AIRBUS
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Dakota DC-3 Rand Airport South Africa 2003
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Ilyushin IL-18 Moscow 2005
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Sud SE-210 Caravelle III Zurich July 1961
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Continental Airlines Boeing 757-200 August 2005
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Boeing 787
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Airbus A380 First Flight
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Does one size fit All?
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JAR-FCL Mandatory Items
? Flight Preparation
? Before take-off checklist
? Engine failure between V1 and V2
? Rejected take-off before reaching V1
? Instrument departure and arrival procedures
? Engine-out Precision Approach to minima
? NDB/VOR/LOC approach to MDA
? Go-Around engine-out
? Landing critical engine inoperative
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JAR-FCL Mandatory Items

• Engine
• Pressurisation
• Pitot-static
• Fuel
• Electrical
• Hydrualic
• Flight controls
• Anti ice
• Autopilot/flight director
• Stall warning system
• GPWS
• Radio navigation

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JAR-FCL Mandatory Items

• Fire Drills
• Smoke control removal
• Engine failures
• Fuel dumping
• Windshear
• Pressurisation failure
• Incapacitation
• Other emergency procedures
• ACAS event
• Steep turns
• Stalling

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The Airline BurdenCrowding of training
requirements

• Existing framework
• Mandatory items licensing and operations
• Low Visibility mandatory items
• Special airport operations
• ETOPS, RNP SAAAR, RNAV
• Very little scope for effective additional
  training within existing cost structure
• Too much focus on abnormal procedures
• Much more needed in approach landing

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2nd jet generation
Includes western built jets Excludes training,
flight test, war, terrorism
1st generation
All aircraft
2nd generation
4th generation
3rd generation
Years Of Operation
Sources Airclaims, Airbus
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Relative Importance of contributing factors in
fatal accidents(Source Civil Aviation Safety
Data, 1989-2003)
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Black Swans

• Data is reactive
• Accidents are difficult to predict
• Pilot behaviour is difficult to predict

When people and complex systems interact, there
will always be an infinite number of possible
outcomes
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The Unforeseen, a typical Black Swan! If we
could anticipate all, failures should be designed
out (Sioux City)
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The Problem

• Regulatory prescriptions for flight crewmember
  training and checking are based on events, which
  may be highly improbable in aeroplanes designed
  to meet modern standards.
• Training programmes are consequently saturated
  with items that may not necessarily mitigate the
  real risks, or enhance the safety of modern air
  transport operations.

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IATA Training Qualification Initiative (ITQI)

• IATA to conduct a review of airline industry
  training needs for licensed personnel (pilots,
  mechanics / engineers) and develop
  recommendations for meeting these needs with no
  compromise to safety and quality
• December 2007

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Flight Operations Deliverables

• Review the applicability of existing regulations
• Develop global standards and best practices for
• MPL implementation
• Instructor qualification
• FSTD
• Approval criteria for training providers
• Pre-selection criteria for pilots
• Type Rating and Recurrent training
• Transition into Competency based training

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Evidence - Based TrainingMeeting the real
challenges
NO TYPE OR IMAGES CAN TOUCH THE SKY

• Why change?
• What do we mean by evidence?
• How do we manage the process?
• The outcome

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Working Group
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Objective
Develop a new paradigm for competency based
training and evaluation of airline pilots based
on evidence
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Max vertical acceleration and vertical speed (at
touchdown)
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Max vertical acceleration and vertical speed (at
touchdown)
A340-300 A340-600
A340-600 has higher amount of Hi G landings
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STEADES
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Data can mislead

• Should we train for the statisticallylikely?
• We can anticipate 95 ofevents
• The BIG problem is theother 5

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Reactive
Proactive
Same skills to manage the foreseen and the
unforeseen
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Knowledge Skill Attitude 9 Key Competencies
? Situation Awareness
? Communication
? Leadership and Teamwork
? Workload Management
? Problem Solving and Decision Making
? Knowledge
? Application of Procedures Knowledge
? Flight Management, Guidance and Automation
? Manual Aircraft Control
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Training Development By Flight Phase
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Training Analysis By Flight Phase
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B737
A320
MD11
A330
CRJ
B747
A380
A310
etc
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?
?
?
h
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Training Evaluation Guidance
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Risk of doing nothing
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Benefits
Evidence based programmes adapted by fleet and
operation
Greater focus on normal operations
Greater emphasis on human performance
Encourage out of the box thinking with
developed methodologies to manage risk
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