TIME

1
TIME
Physical and Eternal

• by
• Atso A. Eerikäinen
• Th.D.
• Metasciences Academy
• Tokyo

2
Time as Metaphysical Problem

• Is time something physical
• changing, measurable, countable (a posteriori)?

• Time is a flux or perpetual change
  (Heraclitus)

• Time as variable of causality seems to be
• asymmetric, deterministic, and continuous

• ? Time is the modal becoming from the
  possibility to the necessary

• Is time something eternal
• unchanging, immeasurable, uncountable (a
  priori)?

? Time is non-existing (Parmenides, McTaggart)
? Time is timeless or unreal (Leibniz)
? Time is scalar quantity measure of motion
(Aristotle)
? Time is a pure form of intuition (Kant)
3
Time as Macrophysical Problem

• In Classical Mechanics (CM)
• Two kinds of time and geometry
• In Newtonian-Laplacian mechanics
• -Time is absolute and universal calculus.
• -The universe is a gigantic clock-mechanism.
• -Newtonian geometry is Euclidean.
• In Einsteinian relativity theories
• -Time is flexible and inseparable from space.
• -SR There is time of the observers depending on
  how they are moving through Euclidean space.
• -GR time-space as a Riemannian metric field
  depends on motion of mass and energy on it.

4
Time as Microphysical Problem

• In Quantum Mechanics (QM)
• One kind of time and geometry
• -Time is Newtonian absolute time.
• -Geometry of QM is Euclidean.
• -QM describes phenomena according to one special
  time coordinate the state f(t) of a system
  follows Schrödingers equation
• df/dt(t) iHf(t) 0, f(0) g,
• (where H is Hamiltonian, g the initial state,
  and t is time of the system).
• -Even if clock-time in QM is absolute, there is
  no absolute clocks because of quantum
  uncertainty.
• -One can have a well defined position or a well
  defined velocity but not both at the same time.

5
What is Now?

• (1) Is the now (only) something physical
• changing, measurable, countable, and
  computable?
• - Local time (LT) by Hitoshi Kitada
• - NOW TIME of Rhythm Based Time (RBT) by Peter
  Beamish
• (2) Is the now (only) something eternal
• unchanging, immeasurable, uncountable, and
  incomputable?
• - Now in the pure time-form of intuition in
  Kants transcendental idealism
• - Immeasurable nows in Julian Barbours theory
  of time-capsules.
• (3) Is the now something both physical and
  eternal?
• - Relative Now of the secondary
  becoming or process (G)
• - Absolute Now of the primary becoming or
  transition (W)
• of Karl Heims dimensional theory (HDT)

6
Local Time (LT)by Hitoshi Kitada

• Problems behind the unification
• of GR and QM
• The conflict between Euclidean and Riemannian
  geometries associated with Newtonian absolute
  time and Einsteinian relative time.
• Time is supposed to exist as an independent
  entity separated from the minds reading it on a
  clock.
• Solution of Kitada
• Local systems are inner systems equipped with
  Euclidean geometry and QM associated to each
  point on the Riemannian manifold of GR.
• Time is equivalent to the quantum mechanical
  evolution of a local system.

7
Axioms of LT

• Axiom 1. The universe as totality is of
  infinite and eternal (timeless) nature. The wave
  function F of the universe satisfies with respect
  to the total Hamiltonian. Htotal F ?F, for
  some non-positive real number ? 0.

• Axiom 2. The local system is of finite
  nature, having its own origins of position x and
  momentum p, independent of the others origins
  and inside worlds. The inside world of a local
  system is of infinite nature.

• Axiom 3. The oscillating nature of the
  locality is expressed by a local Hamiltonian
  exp(-2pitH/h), known in QM as the evolution
  operator of the local system. It is the local
  clock of the system.

• Axiom 4. General Principle of Relativity
  physical worlds or physical laws are the same for
  all local observers.

• Axiom 5. Principle of Equivalence for any
  gravitational force, we can choose a coordinate
  system as a function of time t, where the effect
  of gravitation vanishes.

8
Rhythm Based Time (RBT)by Peter Beamish

• KT RBT as expi(/-2p)Ht/h,
• where i is neutrino rotation vector, /- 2p is
  neutrino spin vector, H is a local quantum
  mechanical Hamiltonian, t is conventional time,
  and h is Planck's constant.
• TIME NOW TIME KT ct,
• where KT is cyclic, bidirectional, and
  orthogonal Time,
• and ct is linear conventional Einsteinian
  clock-time.
• KT and ct are both scalar quantities and
  scalar tags,
• which are links between a local clock, where
  they are created, and a mind, where they are
  absorbed, interpreted, and used.
• KT ct as Mental Vector Protocols (MVPs) is
• NOW TIME of a mind
• One can measure linear ct as a timetag
  difference ON a clock,
• and mentally read orthogonal KT as a Timetag
  difference OF a clock.

9
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10
The Dimensional Theory (HDT)by Karl Heim

• Time is defined ontologically
• HDT is based on
• - Kants transcendental idealism
• - Schellings ideal-realism
• - Heideggers existentialism
• - SR and GR of Einstein
• - QM
• From the view-point of metaphysics, it unifies
• - Heraclitian and Parmenidian times
• - Phenomenalism (idealism) and physicalism
  (realism)
• From the view-point of physics, it unifies
• - Newtonian absolute and Einsteinian relative
  times
• - GR and QM

11
The Basic Concepts of HDT

• (A) SPACES are infinite or limitless
• (1) Objectifiable CONSCIOUSNESS-SPACES
• my-,your-, and our-space
• are computable and can be defined as well
  founded sets.
• - They construct the physical aspect of
  reality G-reality.
• - It is linear and relative physical
  time-process,
• where G gt 0.
• (2) Non-objectifiable MIND-SPACES
• I-, You-, and We-space
• are incomputable and cannot be defined as any
  kind of sets.
• - They construct the eternal aspect of reality
  W-reality.
• - It is nunc aeternum the vertical, eternal
  time-transition within G-reality,
• where W 0.
• (B) Boundaries are limits between or within
  spaces.
• (1) Boundary of contents (n-1) within a
  space (n).
• (2) Boundary of dimensions between spaces
  velocity of light (c).

12
Polarity

• The law of double polarity is the law of
  nature sui generis
• A ltgtB ltgt AB (indifference condition)
  absolute simultaneity.
• -It unifies G- and W-realities.
• -The Boolean non-numerical, uncountable
  duration of eternal time and the numerical,
  countable duration of physical time are always
  in the polar relationship
• (?) 1 lt ? gt 2 lt ? gt 3 ...lt ? gt n (?) 0.
• The definition of time
• G W 0 and G x W 0

13
Reality as a polar interaction of events and an
information exchange of physical and eternal time

• All polar spaces are limitless or infinite.
• The dimensional boundary the velocity of light
  c prevails between
  spaces.
• Polarity
  
• Objectifiable reality G physical time
  
• Non-objectifiable reality W eternal time

14
Process and Transition of Time
NOW Past-Future HERE
NOW
Now
Now
Now
Now
Big bang W G 0
Big crunch? G W0
All happens successively in physical time and
at once in NOW-HERE of eternal time. Time is in
Eternity and Eternity is in Time.
15
Who is sitting on the Chair?
If time is only physical No one, because the
chair is empty.
If time is also eternal I, because I cannot
see myself. I have entered into the picture,
like Alice into the Wonderland.