Respiratory Diseases

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Respiratory Diseases

• Chapter 8

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Review

• Two levels of respiration
• Internal and External
• Internal exchange of O2 and CO2 at the cellular
  level
• Externalexchange of O2 and CO2 in the lungs

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CO2

• Is a waste product that is produced through the
  metabolic process. The waste products that we
  can blow off.
• Rememberthe ones we cannot blow off are removed
  via excrement.

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Epistaxis or Nosebleed

• Usually caused by trauma.
• Can also be caused by sinusitis, HTN, chemical
  inhalation, etc.

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Signs Symptoms

• Obvious brite red blood oozing from your
  nostrils.
• Severe if lasts longer than 10 minutes
• If left untreated can cause significant blood
  loss.

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What to do...

• Elevate head
• Cold compresses
• Vasoconstrictor
• Cauterization
• Gauze packing

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Sinusitis

• Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses
• Acute or Chronic

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Causes

• Pneumococcal
• Streptococcal
• Staphylococcal
• Excessive nose blowing
• Allergies

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Signs and Symptoms

• Nasal congestion
• Pain, tenderness, swelling over sinus area
• Fever, malaise, productive cough
• Headache

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What to do?

• Nasal exam
• Transilluminate
• Specimen
• Xrays

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Treatment

• Analgesics
• Antibiotics
• Bed rest
• Drink fluids

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Pharyngitis

• Acute Chronic

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Causes

• Bacterial or viral
• Streptococcus pyogens is most common bacterial
• Influenza virus and common cold virus are most
  common viral causes
• Can also be secondary to another infection

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Signs Symptoms

• Sore throat is No. 1
• Malaise
• Headache
• Fever
• Muscle/joint pain

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What to do?

• Physical exam
• Red, swollen mucous membranes
• Maybe some ulcerations with pus
• Need a culture to ID organism

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Treatment

• Antibiotics if bacterial
• Otherwisesymtomatic
• Warm saline gargles
• Antipyretics, bedrest
• Analgesics

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Laryngitis

• Acute and Chronic

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Causes

• Again..bacterial or viral or.different from
  pharyngitisexcessive use of voice boxmaybe
  chemical irritantsdust
• Also can occur as a complication of pharyngitis

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Signs and Symptoms

• Hoarseness
• Dry cough, malaise

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What to do?

• Laryngoscopy
• Treatment is rest of larynx
• Antibiotic therapy
• Cough suppressants
• analgesics

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Infectious Mononucleosis
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Cause

• Up in the air.EBV.Epstein-Barr Viruswhich is
  also associated with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
• Incubation period of 4-8 weeks
• Takes a good month to get over it.

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What to look for.

• Sore throat
• Fever
• Swollen cervical glands
• Malaise
• Anorexia
• Chills

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What to do?

• HP to rule out other disorders
• Blood test will show antibodies to EBV

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Treatment

• Supportive
• Bedrest
• ASA
• No prevention