Systematic literature review | Prospective cohort study | Scientific writing

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How to conduct a systematic review for
prospective studies?
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• The purpose of this systematic review is to
  consolidate and critically assess the findings of
  prospective research from many fields.
• Prospective studies can provide important
  information on cause-and-effect associations,
  risk factors, and prognostic variables.
• A thorough search of electronic resources and
  manual assessment of references discovered
  prospective studies fulfilling the inclusion
  criteria.
• This blog gives a thorough review of performing
  prospective studies as well as recommends
  interesting areas for additional research.

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INTRODUCTION

• A systematic review of prospective studies
  involves a rigorous and structured approach to
  identifying, appraising, and synthesizing all the
  relevant research on a specific topic.
• Here is a step-by-step guide on how to conduct a
  systematic review of prospective studies

contd...
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Define the research question Start by
developing a clear and focused research question,
specifying the population, intervention or
exposure, comparator, and outcome (PICO)
elements. Develop a protocol Before
starting the review process, create a protocol
that outlines the objectives, inclusion and
exclusion criteria, search strategy, data
extraction process, and methods for assessing
study quality and synthesizing findings.
contd...
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• Perform a comprehensive literature search
• Conduct a thorough search of relevant databases
  (e.g., PubMed, Embase, Web of Science) using
  appropriate keywords and search terms.
• Additionally, check reference lists of included
  studies and relevant reviews for potentially
  eligible studies.
• Screen and select studies
• Screen the titles and abstracts of the
  identified articles for eligibility according to
  the pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria.
• Obtain the full text of potentially eligible
  articles and perform a more detailed assessment
  to determine their suitability for inclusion in
  the review.

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• Data extraction
• Extract relevant data from the included studies
  using a standardized data extraction form.
• This may include study design, population
  characteristics, sample size, intervention or
  exposure details, outcome measures, and results.
• Assess the quality of the included studies
• Evaluate the quality and risk of bias of the
  included prospective studies using an appropriate
  appraisal tool (e.g., the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale
  for cohort studies or the Cochrane Risk of Bias
  tool for randomized controlled trials).
• This step helps ensure that the review findings
  are based on high-quality evidence.

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• Synthesize the findings
• Depending on the included studies' nature and
  heterogeneity, you may perform a meta-analysis to
  quantitatively combine the results or conduct a
  narrative synthesis to describe the findings
  qualitatively.
• In both cases, report the main results, including
  effect estimates and measures of uncertainty
  (e.g., confidence intervals).
• Interpret the results and draw conclusions
• Discuss the review's main findings in the context
  of the existing literature, considering the
  strength and limitations of the evidence.
• Provide recommendations for clinical practice or
  policy and suggestions for future research.

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• Report the review
• Write a clear, concise, and well-structured
  report of the systematic review, following the
  PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic
  Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines to ensure
  transparency and completeness.
• Update the review
• Systematic reviews may need to be updated
  periodically as new research becomes available.
• Keep track of new evidence and consider updating
  the review if significant findings emerge that
  might change the conclusions.

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• To know more about systematic review Services,
  check our study guide. How to write a systematic
  review manuscript?

Research question and objectives

• Systematic review research questions should be
  practical, intriguing, new, ethical, and
  relevant. PICO (Population, Intervention,
  Comparison, Outcome) and SPIDER (Sample,
  Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation,
  Research type) are two often utilized tools.
• PICO is utilized for quantitative evidence
  synthesis and is more sensitive than the
  specialized SPIDER technique.
• SPIDER is recommended for qualitative and mixed
  techniques searches. A hybrid strategy employing
  both methods is advised for extensive searches,
  especially when applying qualitative research to
  qualitative issues.

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• Check our systematic review Service sample work
  to know and learn more about " A Systematic
  Review of depression/anxiety screening and impact
  on COPD exacerbations severity.".

Inclusion and exclusion criteria

• The PICO technique, research design, and date are
  used to determine eligibility. The most common
  exclusion criteria include irrelevant,
  duplicated, unavailable full texts, or
  abstract-only studies.
• These exclusions should be communicated in
  advance to avoid bias in the researcher. Articles
  containing the target patients, researched
  interventions, or a comparison of two studied
  therapies would be the inclusion criteria.
• In a nutshell, it would be publications that
  include information that answers our study topic.
  The most significant aspect is that there should
  be clear and adequate positive and negative
  information to answer the question.

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ABOUT PUBRICA

• Pubrica's team of researchers and authors
  develop Scientific and medical research papers
  that can be an indispensable tools to the
  practitioner/authors.
• Pubrica medical writers help you to write and
  edit the introduction by introducing the reader
  to the shortcomings or empty spaces in the
  identified research field.
• Our experts know the structure that follows the
  broad topic, the problem, and the background and
  advance to a narrow topic to state the
  hypothesis.

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