Metal And Metallurgy 2

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METAL AND METALLURGY PART-5
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Copper Atomic no - 29 Mass no - 64 Occurance and
extraction Copper occurs in nature in the form
of metal as well as in the form of its ores. In
the form of ores it is found as copper
pyrites(CuFeS2), Copper glance(Cu2S),
Cuprite(Cu2O) etc. It is a transition element and
used in making utensils, alloys, electrical wires
and coins, so it also called coinage metal. This
is mainly extracted from copper pyrites by means
of self reduction process Properties This is a
tough reddish colour metal. It is malleable and
ductile. This is a good conductor of heat and
electricity. At ordinary temp it does not react
with dry air, but in moist air it forms basic
carbonate slowly and steadily. It does not react
with dil HCl but reacts with Conc HCl and Cupric
Chloride(CuCl2) is formed
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Alloys Composition
Uses Brass
Cu(70) Zn(30)
household utensils, idols Bronze
Cu(88), Sn(12) coins, idols,
bells, utensils German silver Cu(60),
Zn(25), Ni(15) idols, utensils Bell metal
Cu(80), Sn(20) bells,
utensils, idols, coins Gun metal
Cu(88), Sn(10), Zn(2) engineering goods, gun
parts or equipments of
machine Dutch metal Cu(80) Zn(20)
cheap ornaments due to its
golden yellow colour
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Compounds 1. Cupric sulphate(CuSO4) This is
the main compound of copper it is also called
blue vitriol(CuSO4.5H2O). This is basically a
solid crystalline substance of blue colour in
water. It is a poison and thats why it is used
as a germicide or an insecticide. A mixture of
CuSO4.5H2O and Ca(OH)2 is called bordeaux mixture
and it is used as a fungicide. 2. Cupric
chloride(CuCl2.2H2O) This is a green crystalline
solid soluble in nature. It is a covalent
compound and its solution is acidic in nature
because it is a normal salt of weak base(CuO) and
strong acid(HCl). When it is heated at 150degree
it becomes dehydrated.
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1. Cuprous oxide(Cu2O) This is a red colour solid
   substance, insoluble in water. It is used in
   making ruby glass and in manufacturing of dyes
2. White bronze The bronze in which there is an
   excess amount of tin(Sn) with copper is called
   white bronze
3. Feshlings solutionThis is a deep blue solution
   obtained by dissolving CuSO4.5H2O solution in
   water by adding sodium potassium tartarate
   solution to it and making the resulting solution
   alkaline with NaOH. This is used to examine an
   aldehyde.

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Silver Atomic no-47 Mass number 108 D-block
element(coinage metal) Occurance and extraction
It occurs as a metal in nature as well as in the
forms of ores. There are various ores of silver
like argentile(Ag2S), horn silver(AgCl) etc.
Almost all silver is extracted from
argentile(Ag2S) ore by Mac Arthur Cyanide
process Properties This ios a white shining
solid metallic substance., malleable and ductile.
This is the best conductor of heat and
electricity. Dry and H2S free air has no action
on silver, But when exposed to air, it slowly
turns
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• Blackish due to formation of Ag2S on its surface
  by the action of H2S present in air. It does not
  react with any base and hydrochloric acid.
• Uses Silver is used in making ornaments,
  utensils, coins, silver pt alloy, in filling
  tooth cavities, silver plating etc.
• Compounds
• Silver chloride(AgCl) This is also called Horn
  silver which is frequently used in making
  photochromatic glass
• Silver bromide(AgBr) It is used in photography
• Silver iodine(AgI) It is used in producing
  artificial rains
• Silver nitrate(AgNO3) This is the main compound
  of
• silver and it is also called Lunar Caustic. This
  is
• kept inside the coloured bottle because it
• decomposes

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