Common Causes of Knee Arthritis

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DR. SUNIL RAJAN
Head of Department Apollo Institute of
Orthopaedics, Apollo Hospitals, Indore M.S
Orthopedics, Specialization Joint Replacement
Surgery
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Common Causes of Knee Arthritis
1. Aging - Arthritis is related to, but not
caused by aging, most commonly affecting people
over 65. As we age, our bones become more
brittle, our muscles often weaken, and the body
becomes less efficient at healing itself. 
As a result, the cartilage and bone is more prone
to damage and wear and tear, which can lead to
arthritis in the knee.
2. Gender- Women are twice as likely to
develop arthritis in the knee as men. The most
likely reason for this is hormone levels
affecting the cartilage and bone.
3. Weight- Studies have shown that osteoarthritis
is three times more likely in people who are
overweight (BMI over 27).  The more we weigh, the
more weight goes through our bones, and therefore
the more likely that the cartilage will get worn
away.
It is not as simple as saying that if you are
overweight you will get arthritis in the knee and
if you are thin you wont, but there is a direct
correlation between the two.
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4. Previous Injury- If you have injured your knee
joint in the past e.g. suffered from a meniscus
tear, you are more likely to develop arthritis of
the knee.  This is due to changes in the bones
and cartilage from the initial injury e.g. a
broken bone heals but it will never be exactly
the same as it was before.
Knee cartilage in particular is very slow to heal
as it has a poor blood supply making it prone to
wear and tear and thus arthritis.
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5. Previous Knee Surgery - If you have had to
have part of your cartilage removed in the past
(known as a menisectomy), you are more likely to
develop arthritis in the knee as the cartilage
never regrows, which puts more pressure and
friction through the bones.
6. Flat Feet- Some doctors and podiatrists
believe that having flat feet increases the
incidence of osteoarthritis of the knee. 
This is thought to be due to the changes in the
way the forces are directed through the joint due
to the altered foot position, increasing the wear
on parts of the knee - usually the inner side.
7. Genetics- While we dont fully understand the
link between genes and arthritis, a link
definitely exists. One example of this is that
our genes may affect the quality/quantity of our
cartilage (some people are born with amazing
cartilage, others like me arent).
Up to 60 of cases of osteoarthritis are thought
to be linked with genetics.
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