Tips on Solving Problems Based on Reading Comprehension

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3 TIPS on solving Reading Comprehension Questions
in Online Tests
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Tip 1 Read the Question first before reading
the passage
Promotion of a digital economy is an integral
part of Governments strategy to clean the system
and weed out corruption and black money. It has a
transformative impact in terms of greater
formalisation of the economy and mainstreaming of
financial savings into the banking system. This,
in turn, is expected to energise private
investment in the country through lower cost of
credit. India is now on the cusp of a massive
digital revolution. A shift to digital payments
has huge benefits for the common man. The earlier
initiative of our Government to promote financial
inclusion and the JAM trinity were important
precursors to our current push for digital
transactions. Already there is evidence of
increased digital transactions. The BHIM app has
been launched. It will unleash the power of
mobile phones for digital payments and financial
inclusion. 125 lakh people have adopted the BHIM
app so far. The Government will launch two new
schemes to promote the usage of BHIM these are,
Referral Bonus Scheme for individuals and a
Cashback Scheme for merchants. Aadhar Pay, a
merchant version of Aadhar Enabled Payment
System, will be launched shortly. This will be
specifically beneficial for those who do not have
debit cards, mobile wallets and mobile phones. A
Mission will be set up with a target of 2,500
crore digital transactions for 2017-18 through
UPI, USSD, Aadhar Pay, IMPS and debit cards.
Banks have targeted to introduce additional 10
lakh new PoS terminals by March 2017. They will
be encouraged to introduce 20 lakh Aadhar based
PoS by September 2017. Increased digital
transactions will enable small and micro
enterprises to access formal credit. Government
will encourage SIDBI to refinance credit
institutions which provide unsecured loans, at
reasonable interest rates, to borrowers based on
their transaction history. The digital payment
infrastructure and grievance handling mechanisms
shall be strengthened. The focus would be on
rural and semi urban areas through Post Offices,
Fair Price Shops and Banking Correspondents.
Steps would be taken to promote and possibly
mandate petrol pumps, fertilizer depots,
municipalities, Block offices, road transport
offices, universities, colleges, hospitals and
other institutions to have facilities for digital
payments, including BHIM App. A proposal to
mandate all Government receipts through digital
means, beyond a prescribed limit, is under
consideration. Government will strengthen the
Financial Inclusion Fund to augment resources for
taking up these initiatives. Government will
consider and work with various stakeholders for
early implementation of the interim
recommendations of the Committee of Chief
Ministers on digital transactions.
Question How many people have adopted the BHIM
App? If the question asks for a very specific
value, you dont have to read the whole passage.
You can skim through it until you find the
information is needed to answer the question.
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Tip 2 Use your best judgment on questions
related to the Authors motives, tone, purpose
etc.
Two principles are involved in the controversy
about the presence of foreign controlled media in
the country the free flow of ideas and images
across national borders and the need to safeguard
the national interest and preserve cultural
autonomy. Both are valid but both are at
loggerheads because each has been used to promote
less lofty goals. The first principle conforms to
a moral imperative freedom to expression cannot
rhyme with restrictions imposed by any
government. But the free flow rhetoric also
clouds the fact that the powerful Western, and
especially American media, can and often do
present, subtly or brazenly, news in a manner
that promotes Western political, ideological and
strategic interests. Besides, Western
entertainment programmes present lifestyles and
values that run counter to the lifestyles and
values cherished by traditional societies. All
this explains why so many Indian newspapers,
magazines and news agencies have sought
protection from the courts to prevent foreign
publications and news agencies from operating in
the country. Their arguments are weak on two
counts. As the bitter debate on a new world
information and communication order demonstrated
in the late seventies and early eighties, many of
those who resent Western invasion in the fields
of information and culture are no great friends
of democracy. Secondly, the threat of such an
invasion has been aired by those media groups
in the developing countries that fear that their
business interests will be harmed if Western
groups, equipped with large financial and
technological resources and superior management
skills, are allowed to operate in the country
without let. The fear is valid but it goes
against the grain of the economic reform
programme. The presence of foreign newspapers and
television channels will increase competition,
which, in the course of time, can only lead to
the upgradation of dynamic Indian newspapers and
television channels, even while they drive the
rest out of the market. One way to strike a
balance between the two antagonistic principles
would be to allow foreign media entry into the
country, provided the India state treats them at
par with the domestic media on all fronts. On the
import of technology, for instance, foreign media
cannot be allowed duty concessions denied to
their Indian counterparts. Foreign media will
also have to face legal consequences should they
run foul of Indian laws. Why, for example, should
the BBC, or Time magazine or The Economist get
away by showing a map of Kashmir, which is at
variance with the official Indian map? Why should
they go scot-free when they allow secessionists
and terrorists to air their views without giving
the government the right to reply, or when they
depict sexually explicit scenes, which would
otherwise not be cleared by the Censor Board?

• Question Which of the following seems to be the
  most likely purpose of writing this passage?
• To criticize foreign media
• To highlight the steps and caution to be taken
  about the entry of foreign media
• To make the public aware of the technological
  superiority of western media
• To prevent foreign media from entering our country

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Tip 3 Use only the passage (not your personal
opinions, politics and values) in choosing the
answer
The happy man is the man who lived objectively,
who has free affection and wide interest, who
secures his happiness through these interests and
affections and through the fact that they, in
turn, make him an object of interest and
affection to many others. To be the recipient of
affection is a potent cause of happiness, but the
man who demands affection is not the man upon
whom it is bestowed. The man who receives
affection is, speaking broadly, the man who gives
it. But it useless to attempt to give it as a
calculation, in the way in which one might lend
money at interest, for a calculated affection is
not genuine and is not felt to be so by the
recipient. What then can a man do who is unhappy
because he is encased in self? So long as he
continues to think about the cause of his
unhappiness, he continues to be self-centred and
therefore does not get outside, the vicious
circle if he is to get outside it, it must be by
genuine interests, not by simulated interest
accepted merely as a medicine. Although this
difficulty is real, there is nevertheless much
that he can do if he has rightly diagnosed his
trouble. If, for example, his trouble is due to a
sense of sin, conscious or unconscious he can
first persuade his conscious mind that he has no
reason to feel sinful, and then proceed, to plant
his rational conviction in his unconscious mind,
concerning himself meanwhile with some more or
less neutral activity. If he succeeds in
dispelling the sense of sin, it is possible that
genuine objective interests will arise
spontaneously. If his trouble is self-pity, he
can deal with it in the same manner after first
persuading himself that there is nothing
extraordinarily unfortunate in his circumstances.
If fear is his trouble, let him practice
exercises designed to give courage. Courage has
been recognised from time immemorial as an
important virtue, and a great part of training of
boys and young men has been devoted to producing
a type of character capable of fearlessness in
battle. But moral courage and intellectual
courage have been much less studied, they also,
however, have their technique, admit to yourself
every day at least one painful truth, your will
find his quite useful. Teach yourself to feel
that life still be worth living even if you were
not, as of course you are immeasurably superior
to all your friends in virtue and in
intelligence. Exercises of this sort prolonged
through several years will at last enable you to
admit facts without flinching and will, in so
doing, free you from the empire of feat over a
very large filed.

• Question What happens when you think about cause
  of your unhappiness?
• You try to introspect and look critically at
  yourself
• You realize that the life can lived in different
  ways
• You try to practice exercise designed to give
  courage
• You remain a self-centred person

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