Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN): Symptoms, causes and treatment - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN): Symptoms, causes and treatment

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Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is a precancerous condition in which abnormal cell growth occurs on the surface lining of the cervix or endocervical canal, the opening between the uterus and the vagina. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN): Symptoms, causes and treatment


1
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)
2
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)
  • Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is a
    precancerous condition in which abnormal cell
    growth occurs on the surface lining of the cervix
    or endocervical canal, the opening between the
    uterus and the vagina. It is also known as
    cervical dysplasia. Strongly connected with
    sexually transmitted human papillomavirus (HPV)
    infection, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is
    most common in women under age 30 but can develop
    at any age. Cervical intraepithelial
    neoplasia usually causes no symptoms, and is most
    often discovered by a routine Pap smear test. The
    outlook is positive for women with cervical
    intraepithelial neoplasia who receive appropriate
    follow-up and treatment. But women who go
    undiagnosed or who don't receive appropriate care
    are at higher risk of developing cervical
    cancer.

3
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)
Continue
  • Mild cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
    sometimes resolves without treatment, and may
    only require careful observation with Pap tests
    every three or six months. But moderate to severe
    and mild cervical intraepithelial neoplasia that
    persists for two years normally requires
    treatment to remove the abnormal cells and reduce
    the risk of cervical cancer.

4
Causes of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
  • In many women with cervical intraepithelial
    neoplasia, human papillomavirus is found in
    cervical cells. HPV infection is common in women
    and men, and most often affects sexually active
    women under age 20. In most cases, the immune
    system eliminates HPV and clears the infection.
    But in some women, the infection persists and
    leads to cervical intraepithelial
    neoplasia. Among women with a chronic HPV
    infection, smokers are twice as likely as
    non-smokers to develop severe cervical dysplasia,
    because smoking suppresses the immune
    system.Chronic HPV infection and cervical
    intraepithelial neoplasia are also associated
    with other factors that weaken the immune system,
    such as treatment with immunosuppressive drugs
    for certain diseases or after an organ
    transplant, or infection with HIV, the virus that
    causes AIDS.

5
Symptoms
  • Risk factors for cervical intraepithelial
    neoplasiaPersistent HPV infection is the most
    important risk factor for cervical dysplasia,
    especially moderate to severe cervical
    intraepithelial neoplasia. In women, an
    increased risk of a persistent HPV infection is
    associated with
  • Early initiation of sexual activity
  • Having more than one sex partner
  • Having a partner who has had multiple sex
    partners
  • Having sex with an uncircumcised man

6
Diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
  • Because a pelvic exam is usually normal in women
    with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, a Pap
    test is necessary to diagnose the
    condition. Although a Pap test alone can
    identify mild, moderate, or severe cervical
    intraepithelial neoplasia, further tests are
    often required to determine appropriate follow-up
    and treatment. These include 
  • Repeat Pap tests
  • Colposcopy, a magnified exam of the cervix to
    detect abnormal cells so that biopsies can be
    taken
  • Endocervical curettage, a procedure to check for
    abnormal cells in the cervical canal

7
Diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Continue
  • Cone biopsy or loop electrosurgical excision
    procedure (LEEP) which is performed to rule out
    invasive cancer during a cone biopsy, the doctor
    removes a cone-shaped piece of tissue for lab
    examination. During LEEP, the doctor cuts out
    abnormal tissue with a thin, low-voltage
    electrified wire loop
  • HPV DNA test, which can identify the HPV strains
    which are known to cause cervical cancer

8
Treatments
  • The treatment for cervical intraepithelial
    neoplasia depends on many different factors,
    including the severity of the condition and the
    age of the patient. For mild cervical
    intraepithelial neoplasia, often only continued
    monitoring with repeat Pap tests is needed. For
    older women with mild cervical intraepithelial
    neoplasia, usually no treatment is needed unless
    mild cervical intraepithelial neoplasia has
    persisted for two years, progressed to moderate
    or severe cervical dysplasia, or there are other
    medical problems.Treatments for cervical
    intraepithelial neoplasia include two of the
    procedures also used for diagnosis cone biopsy or
    LEEP. Other treatments include 
  • Cryosurgery (freezing)

9
Treatments
Continue
  • Electrocauterization
  • Laser surgery
  • Because all forms of treatment are associated
    with risks such as heavy bleeding and possible
    complications affecting pregnancy, it's important
    for patients to discuss these risks with their
    doctor prior to treatment.

10
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