Craniosynostosis: Types, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

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Craniosynostosis
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Craniosynostosis

• Craniosynostosis is a rare but chronic
  condition, which affects the normal development
  of babys brain and skull. The newborns skull is
  made up of many separate bones, the fusion of
  these bones, usually occurs later in teen years.
  The early fusion of these bones in the newborns
  skull causes Craniosynostosis. Craniosynostosis
  disorder affects the normal growth process, which
  involves bone displacement and bone remodelling.
  This rare disorder can occur before or after
  birth. The risk of developing Craniosynostosis is
  equal among boys and girls. Craniosynostosis
  occurs in one out of 2500 births. 

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Types of Craniosynostosis 

• Metopic Synostosis- It occurs when there is a
  fusion between sagittal structure and nose.
  Metopic synostosis results in triangular
  development of scalp. Lamdoid Synostosis- It is
  the rarest type of Craniosynostosis and affects
  the back portion of the head. Lamdoid Synostosis
  results in twisted shape of skull. Coronal
  Craniosynostosis- It occurs when there is an
  early fusion between the coronal structures of
  the skull, which affects the higher eye socket
  and results in the flat development of the
  forehead. 

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Causes of Craniosynostosis

• Doctors do not know the exact cause of
  Craniosynostosis. However, genetic mutation is
  stated as one of the most possible causes of
  Craniosynostosis. Genetic mutation leads to the
  defects in cell sutures that cause them to fuse
  too early. Another possible cause of
  Craniosynostosis is the irregular position of the
  baby in the womb or putting excessive pressure
  that can cause the early fusion of sutures.

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Symptoms

• One visible symptom of Craniosynostosis is the
  abnormal shape of the head. Early fusion of bones
  restricts the normal growth of bone and skull.
  The excessive pressure on skull results in the
  development of learning disabilitiesand problems
  with the eyesight. Frequent headaches and
  developmental delays are other common symptoms of
  Craniosynostosis.

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Diagnosis of Craniosynostosis 

• Initially, a paediatrician will try to diagnose
  Craniosynostosis by performing a visual
  evaluation and feeling for creases around the
  babys skull. The doctor may order a blood
  test to check if Craniosynostosis is inherited or
  not. Imaging tests such as CT scans and Xrays
  disclose the location of fused sutures.

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Treatments

• Surgery is by far the only treatment available
  for Craniosynostosis. Surgery to correct
  Craniosynostosis is to be performed within the
  first year of babys birth. If left untreated,
  Craniosynostosis can get worse resulting in
  increased deformity of the skull. Surgery for
  Craniosynostosis involves the reformation of the
  babys skull, by repositioning the fused sutures.
  Dissolvable stitches are used to close the
  incisions.

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