Ebola and marbug virus - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Ebola and marbug virus

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Title: Ebola and marbug virus


1
  • Faculty of health science
  • Department Medical laboratory technology
  • presentation Ebola and marbug virus
  • Student's name
  • 1- Ahmed Aadan muuse
  • 2- Ahmed Abdirahman osman
  • 3- Ahmed Jama sahSardid
  • 4- Abdishakur farah hirad
  • 5- Abdikarim Abdilahi Kahin
  • 6- Abdirahman Ahmed Abdilahi
  • 7- Adna Muctaad Abdilahi

2
Group Presentation
Filoviruses
  • Filoviruses are filamentous, enveloped particles
  • with a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA
    genome.
  • Family Filoviridae is classified into 2 genera
  • Genus Marburgvirus
  • Genus Ebolavirus
  • Filoviruses were first discovered in 1967 as the
    causative agents
  • of a hemorrhagic fever

3
HISTORY
EBOLA?
  • The first Ebola virus species was discovered in
    1976 in what is now the Democratic Republic of
    the Congo near the Ebola River.
  • Two species were identified in 1976
  • Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV) and
  • Sudan ebolavirus (SEBOV)
  • Case fatality rates of 83 and 54 respectively.
  • A third species, Reston ebolavirus (REBOV), was
    discovered in November 1989 in a group of monkeys
    (Macaca fascicularis) imported from the
    Philippines.

4
What is
EBOLA?
  • Ebola is a virus that lives in bats and some
    other animals who live in Africa.

5
  • People living in West Africa have gotten sick and
    some have died.
  • The three most affected countries are
  • Guinea
  • Liberia
  • Sierra Leone

Guinea
Sierra Leone
Liberia
6
  • Ebola virus has been found in African monkeys,
    chimps and others .
  • A milder strain of Ebola has been discovered in
    monkeys and pigs in the Philippines.

PATHOGENECITY
7
Modes of Transmission
  • There are 3 modes of infection
  • Unsterilized needles
  • Suboptimal Hospital conditions
  • spread from person to person
  • through contact with body fluids

8
SYMPTOMS
  • The incubation period ranges from 2 to 21 days
    (most commonly 8-10 days)
  • Early symptoms include sudden fever, chills,
    and muscle aches , Nausea, vomiting, chest pain,
    sore throat, abdominal pain, and diarrhea may
    follow.
  • When Symptoms become increasingly severe mental
    confusion, bleeding inside and outside the body,
    shock, and multi-organ failure.

9
LAB DIAGNOSIS
  • Detection of viral antigen (by antigen-ELISA)
  • genomic RNA (by PCR) and virus isolation.

Guinea
Sierra Leone
Liberia
10
Is There a Cure?
  • There are no known curative medications for
    Ebola.
  • However, there have been very recent developments
    in preventative.
  • Experimental drug therapy
  • Zmapp, Tekmira

Guinea
Sierra Leone
Liberia
11
PREVENTION / Control
  • There is no effective vaccine. Early diagnosis is
    important, and isolation of patients is
    recommended.
  • use of HEPA-filtered respirators for protection
    against aerosols. Supportive therapy should be
    administered since no virus-specific treatment
    exists.

12
Marburg outbreak
2. MARBURG VIRUS
  • First discover in 1967 in Marburg and Frankfurt,
    Germany and in Belgrade, Serbia (Yugoslavia)
  • Source of infection African Green monkeys from
    Uganda.
  • Germany and Yugoslavia.1967
  • South Africa (origin from Zimbubwe
    ?..........1975
  • Kenya.1980, 1987
  • DR Congo.1998-2000
  • Angola.2004-2005
  • Uganda...2007, 2012
  • 1990 Lab contamination in Russia

13
  • Common characteristics
  • Enveloped virus with RNA genome
  • zoonotic diseases and some are vector-borne
    viruses
  • Filamentous shape

14
PATHOGENECITY
  • Marburg virus has been cused by monkeys,
    specially the Chimps and Fruit bats in Africa.
  • Marburg hemorrhagic fevers lead to death for a
    high percentage of people who are affected. As
    the illness progresses, it can cause
  • Multiple organ failure
  • Severe bleeding
  • Jaundice
  • Delirium
  • Seizures
  • Coma
  • Shock

15
TRANSMISSION
  • Transmission from bats to human may occur through
    contact with bat feces or aerosols.
  • Human to human transmission contact to blood,
    secretions, body fluids/tissues, semen or
    contaminated equipment (household contact,
    nosocomial infection, burial ceremony)

16
SYMPTOMS
  • Early signs and symptoms include
  • Fever
  • Severe headache
  • Joint and muscle aches
  • Chills
  • Weakness
  • Over time, symptoms become increasingly severe
    and may include
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Diarrhea (may be bloody)
  • Red eyes
  • Raised rash
  • Chest pain and cough
  • Stomach pain
  • Severe weight loss

17
LAB DIAGNOSIS
  • If suspect you have Marburg viruses, they use
    blood tests to quickly identify the virus,
    including
  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
  • polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

18
Treatments and drugs
  • No antiviral medications have proved effective in
    treating infection with
  • either virus. Supportive hospital care includes
  • Providing fluids
  • Maintaining blood pressure
  • Providing oxygen as needed
  • Replacing lost blood
  • Treating other infections that develop

19
PREVENTION / CONTROL
  • The following precautions can help prevent
    infection and control of Marburg virus.
  • Avoid areas of known outbreaks.
  • Wash your hands often with soap and water
  • Avoid close contact with people who are sick.

20
GROUP ONE
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