Complete Sterilization & Disinfection

1
COMPLETE STERILIZATION DISINFECTION
2

• Patients health safety is our prime
  concern while managing a patient in the dental
  office. Preventing transmission of contagious
  viruses is of the utmost concern for us. Hence we
  follow all the sterilization disinfection
  procedures needed for infection control.

3

• Sterilization
• Sterilization is the destruction of all forms
  of microbial life by heat, chemical sterilant, or
  gas.

• Disinfection
• Disinfection is the process that eliminates
  many disease producing micro-organisms on
  inanimate objects, with the exception of
  bacterial spores.

4
Why Sterilization is needed?

• Whenever any equipment is taken into use
  left unchecked or not disinfected properly, it is
  highly likely that bacteria will grow, thus in
  order to prevent spread of debilitating diseases
  sterilization is mandatory .

5

• Uses of Sterilization
• Sterilization for surgical procedures Gloves,
  aprons, Surgical instruments, Syringes etc.
• Sterilization of culture media, reagents
  equipments to maintain a sterile condition.

6
Sterilization Disinfection
High Temperature Moist or heat/steam or dry heat Low Level Kills most vegetative bacteria, some viruses some fungi
Low Temperature ozone Chemical Liquid sterilants, hydrogen peroxide Intermediate Level kills vegetative bacteria, viruses, fungi mycobacterium
Gas Ethylene oxide High Level kills all microbial organisms- potential to render device sterile
Radiation Gamma, e-beam Thermal Disinfection via thermal applications under 100 degrees Celsius
7

• Factors affecting efficacy of disinfection
  sterilization
• Number location of microorganisms
• Bio films
• Duration of exposure
• Organic inorganic matter
• Physical chemical factors
• Concentration potency of disinfectants
• Innate resistance of microorganisms

8

• Sterilization Methods

• Disinfection Methods

• Physical Methods
• Moist heat in Autoclave
• Dry heat in ovens
• Gamma irradiation
• Filtration
• Plasma sterilization
• Chemical Methods
• Ethylene oxide
• Glutaraldehyde (high concentration)

• Physical Methods
• Boiling Pasteurisation
• UV radiation
• Chemical Agents
• Alcohols
• Aldehydes
• Halogens
• Phenols
• Surfactants
• Heavy metals
• Dyes
• Oxidants

9

• Hot air oven

• is an apparatus with double metallic walls
  and a door. There is an air space between these
  walls.
• The apparatus is heated by electricity or
  gas at the bottom. On heating, the air at the
  bottom becomes hot and passes between the two
  walls from below upwards, and then passes in the
  inner chamber through the holes on Me top of the
  apparatus. A thermostat is fitted to maintain a
  constant temperature of 160C.

10

• It Is one of the most common method used for
  sterilization. Glass wares, swab sticks,
  all-glass syringes, powder and oily substances
  are sterilized in hot air oven. For
  sterilization, a temperature of 160C is
  maintained (holding) for one hour. Spores are
  killed at this temperature. It leads to
  sterilization.

11

• Autoclave

• Moist heat destroys microorganisms by the
  irreversible denaturation of enzymes structural
  proteins. The temperature at which denaturation
  occurs varies inversely with the amount of water
  present.
• Recommendations for sterilization in an
  autoclave are 15 minutes at 121C.

12

• Working of Autoclave
• On the lid, there are (1) A gauge for
  indicating the pressure,
• (2) A safety valve, which can be set to blow
  off at any desired pressure, and
• (3) A stopcock to release the pressure. It
  is provided with a perforated diaphragm. Water
  is placed below the diaphragm and heated from
  below by electricity, gas or stove.
• (a) Place materials inside,
• (b) Close the lid. Leave stopcock open,
• (c) Set the safety valve at the desired
  pressure,

13

• (d) Heat the autoclave. Air is forced out and
  eventually steam ensures out through the tap,
• (e) close the tap. The inside pressure now rises
  until it reaches the set level (i.e. 15 min),
  when the safety valve opens and the excess steam
  escapes,
• (f) Keep it for 15 minutes (holding time),
• (g) Stop heating,
• (h) Cool the autoclave below 100C,
• (i) Open the stopcock slowly to allow air to
  enter the autoclave.

14

• For more information, you can book an appointment
  at
• Dr Sachdeva Dental Aesthetic And Implant ,
• I 101, Ashok Vihar Phase 1, Delhi- 110052
• Contact us at
• Phone [phone]
• Our Websites
• http//goo.gl/yI8lGv
• http//goo.gl/DquAGr
• http//goo.gl/GsCcoS
• Google link https//goo.gl/vqAmvr
• Facebook link https//goo.gl/tui98A
• Youtube link https//goo.gl/mk7jfm
• Linkedin link https//goo.gl/PrPgpB

15
(No Transcript)