Title: Cold fusion, Tesla, Scalar wave, Torsion field, "Free energy", Zeropoint Energy Extraction..= Really All Pseudo Science?(part 3 of 14).
1Cold Fusion, Tesla, Torsion Field,
Scalar Wave", Free Energy, Harvesting ZPE...
Really All Pseudoscience?
- Analysis of New Energy Paradigm, Including
Controversial Questionable Claims of Tech
Efficiency, Non-Energy Applications, Lobby
Groups...
PART 3 OF 14
BEN RUSUISIAK NEW NATURE PARADIGM TECH
ANALYSIS VANCOUVER, BC, CANADA, Updated May21,
2017
www.linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm
2- ABSTRACT LENR-Cold Fusion is virtually accepted
by mainstream(MS) While MS rejects "E-cat"
claims on already selling 1MW electricity LENR
generator, now energy can be produced with
basically free fuel. Thermodynamic closed
system based over-unity or Persistent
Current/motion is officially observed in quantum
nano circuit, beyond Shockley-Queisser limit
solar cell, non-linear optic/laser/spintronics,
time crystal, magnetocaloric effects. Academic
taboo of vacuum photon extraction/electron
fluctuation, Maxwell's demon, Quantum ratchet,
Casimir force harvesting micro electronic device,
2nd law violation are now on MS science
journals. Low cost magnet /resonance based major
emission reducers with 10 extra efficiency,
Thermo Electric/Thermo Photo Voltaics
heat-to-energy systems, high efficiency
Waste-To-Fuel/Energy systems with, Catalystic,
SuperCritical water, Cold or Steam Plasma are
starting to be deployed. Above might foreshadow
first FULL science review of hyper energy
efficiency installation claims e.g. 1-Extracting
nano oscillation/radiant energy as electricity,
2-Harvesting DC reverse voltage power(Counter
EMF), 3-Resonance catalyzed HHO/Oxy-hydrogen gas,
4-Cold plasma standing wave creation of
light/water/inert gas in cavity, 5-Compressed air
COPgt1 heat exchanger converted to mechanical
power, 6-Catalyzed emulsion fuel with far beyond
50 H2O, 7-Hydrocarbon increased by
photo-catalyzed O2 Nanobubble water fuel
emulsion, when infused with CO2 in room temp/
pressure. 8-Combined air-in-water floating
gravity force, 9-Propellantless drive, 10-Hydro
cavitation heater, 11-Betz limit excess
hydro/wind turbine, etc. They often seem to run
on mechanics with common side effects official
physics cannot explain are low cost,
convertible to superior new techs that can foster
mind/body based nonlocal human capabilities,
also can replace majority of propulsion, weather,
medical, remediation, time dilation, algorithm,
key mining-industrial-farming processes-If
officially full peer reviewed by MS science.
Recent paradigm shift might allow investigations
on increasing testimonials about such non-closed
system pseudo science RDs by groups across
Govt/Military /Aerospace /Intel agencies
private contractors, often hidden under secrecy
law, to which above organizations executives
often have no access i.e "unacknowledged"
projects(eg 1000 classified inventions in
Enviro-Energy-Propulsion-Medical exist amongst
NATO allies). Yet there are efforts to partially
disclose unlimited energy related tech as
tiny-minority-controlled highly exclusive
modality while same final effects can be created
by wide range of unexclusive relatively simple
tech or mind/emotion based methods if a fraction
of budget is spent to develop. Such paradigm can
totally liberate mass from "dead-end public
consumption science" education restricted by
centrally controlled science law. From current
vantage point, there is some possibility of world
dividing into roughly two different camps at both
elites general population First group is
already more focused on exclusive patent or
machine/DNA controlled surveillance or physical
effect creation to enable world influence by a
fraction of population. Emerging second group
will likely to be more focused on low cost simple
unexclusive tech or holistic mind/emotion/biologic
ally driven effect creation. Overall, MS
commercialization by multiples of unlimited
energy production methods is inevitable, yet not
only its economic impact but also who is going to
be in control of technological dominance
individual life would likely become a(covert)
central issue in the coming yrs.
3 Qualification of information
- This presentation primarily focuses on less
known but latest science consensus forming
technologies on strict effect basis, while a bulk
of highest efficiency low cost techs a majority
of "outrageous" or controversial claims category
contradict predominant view, especially of
Wikipedia Western media/NGOs. Hence
attendants/readers are recommended to re-assess
the data individually. - Regarding Controversial But Future Critical
Technologies Discussed
Term Free energy or Over-unity in this
presentation is defined as seeming as if
-1 Drawing
more energy than existing or continuous motion
with no energy input. -2 Work is
done by other than Thermodynamic Free Energy
open system symptom.
-3 Using free material generally not
considered as fuel.
Inventors-scientists-witnesses
their claims might involve higher likelihood of
-4 Fabrication,
reliability exaggeration, or statistical error
chance of observed effect.
-5 Significant quality gap between inventions,
yet -
-6 At least collective majority seems
to consistently produces claimed effects.
- Currently more detailed reference list is being
produced will be published separately
The research is updated
based on reviewing academic papers journals,
books, speeches, presentations, patents,
lab/product testimonies/complaints, publications
public records of NGOs/media/research
institutes/think tanks/military/space gov't
agencies/industry associations. Most effects
quoted have accumulative-consistent evidence from
unrelated era source, but mechanics
categorization are hypothetical. Commercialized
company/products are shown in Boldface Dark Blue.
Due to space constraints, referenced
individuals names are given only last name or
part of first name unless web search
identification becomes difficult(often
non-Western names are given in full), company
names are listed in a way that is findable by
internet search.
4Contents
- p06 Sscience accepted free Micro Energy
Harvesters
- p45 Industrial Energy Harvesters Solid State
Device, HRSG
- p85 Solar/Wind/Hydro with beyond official
limit, Biomass/WtE, Methane - p125 Biomass, Inventor Tech Ambient
Electricity/ZPE extraction, HHO gas - p164 Inventor Tech Cold Plasma, Compressed Air,
Aneutronic Fusion, Torsion - p209 Torsion field, Scalar energy, Standing wave
resonance - p242 BioTorsion Field? Remote View, Martial
Art, Mentalists, Qigong, Hypnosis.. - p278 "Copy Paste" by Torsion/Scalar,
Terahertz, FIR waves, Photo Catalysis - p304 Highly anomalous ORMUS, another state of
matter?, LENR-Cold Fusion - p342 Official Acceptance of LENR ZPE Resonance
extraction Ramifications - p387 Outrageous Claims(OC) ZPE related effect
witnesses, Tech influence lobby - p426 OC ZPE related Tech lobby, Engineering of
Material/Timespace - p447 OC ElectroMagnetic mind influence,
MindRitual based technologies - p479 OC ZPE related Weapons, Summary
Conclusions
linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm -Ben
Rusuisiak Specialty Cleantech Analysis,
Vancouver, Canada
5- This file is part 3 of 14 series Entire 14
series can be viewed in one file at following
presentation sites. - At ISSUU
- https//issuu.com/newnatureparadigm/docs/energy_20
17-july11 - Or SCRIBD
- http//www.scribd.com/doc/227644705/2016-UPDATE-Co
ld-fusion-Tesla-Scalar-wave-Torsion-field-Free-ene
rgy-Over-unity-Really-All-Pseudo-Science-A-New-Par
adigm-Energy-Trigger-b - Or CALAMEO
- http//en.calameo.com/read/0048384130fe2dc3ff3dd
- Thank you. Ben Rusuisiak.
6Science-Accepted Super Low Cost Solar 11 CSP
- gtgt continued SOLAR
5. Standard CSP can be currently
lt6/KWh, Molten Salt storage type can supply power
almost 24hrs with significantly increased
cost(Calcium SuperCritical Fluid experimentally
lower cost), Ongoing further cost reduction, eg
i Skyfuels Heliostats by low
cost film instead of mirror,
ii
UltimateTrough collector by Flabeg Solar, etc, - 6. Unique niche specific installation solar
cell low efficiency(5-10) but
attachable/wearable/textile Organic
PhotoVoltaics(Samsung, Mitsubishi) for
convenience, by low cost material/manufacturing
from Hetrojunction, Dye Sensitized(DSSC) to
Perovskite use, Thermoelectric/fibreoptic
textile with 3-5 level(NASA), Polymer coating
on hardsurface to make it a solar
generator(ZeoFRET - Optiacal Additives), Super
high efficiency(beyond S-Q?) transparent liquid
coating on glass or smooth surface material with
less than 1yr ROI(SolarWindow Technologies) also
makes flexible solar cell glassSolar panel
charging fan driven wood cooking stove to save
40-60 of wood eliminate most of smoke for 3rd
world user's comfort(African Clean Energy),
-gtgtcont
linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm -Ben
Rusuisiak Specialty Cleantech Analysis,
Vancouver, Canada
7Science-Accepted Super Low Cost Solar 12 Solar
Thermal, Portable Camper
- gtgt continued SOLAR 6. Unique niche specific
installation solar cell - Hand portable set of solar panel with battery
pack for large TV, laptop(SolarWay), even
powerdrill, microwave oven useable(Ecoboxx -
SolSave) becomes by far the lowest cost power
in many parts of low developing nations. This
would be disruptive if openly endorsed for
recreational market in advanced nations. 10-80hr
solar based LED light small device with one day
charging (Solarbuddy, Waka Waka Light, SunFire
Solutions) - 7. Solar thermal/heat Disruptively low cost,
often forgotten, instantly applicable with 50
efficiency with existing tech use, For
residential, commercial, industrial(Industrial
Heat Process, at least 60 of electricity is used
to generate) application as co-heat source - i Solar Air Heating-cooling, Very scalable, Can
be combined with Solar Thermal Collector
SolarWall(J Hollick), Low tech dessert area
heating and cooling by Trombe Wall(M Dabaieh),
Mainstream participation of air
conditioning-cooling by use of heatpump(Lennox
SunSource, Tokyo Gas), Commercial scale
refrigerator(Coolar),
linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm -Ben
Rusuisiak Specialty Cleantech Analysis,
Vancouver, Canada
8Science-Accepted Super Low Cost Solar 13
Thermal/CHP
- --gtgt continued SOLAR 7. Solar thermal/heat
- ii Solar water cooling Ammonia-water absorption
based Ice maker(ISAAC Solar Icemaker), Solar
driven Lithium Bromide absorption based water
refrigerant system (???? Yazaki Group), - iii Solar thermal by hot water collecting
Enerworks , Extensive District Heating system
incorporation heat storage in Denmark(Marstal),
Brædsrup), - iv Rare but most efficient(70) combined PV
Solar thermal unit type by hot water recovery
while cooled temperature improves PV cell
performance eg Technique Solar(D Thoroughgood),
Solar Angel etc . Concentrated thermal at 80
efficiency(IBM), Similar concept with housing
construction element added more energy produced
than used home idea can be cost competitive
depends on solar panel costing(Sonnenschiff-PlusEn
ergy-HeliotropeR Disch, Övolution,
Sous-le-Soleil, ArchiBlox) --gtgtcont
linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm -Ben
Rusuisiak Specialty Cleantech Analysis,
Vancouver, Canada
9Science-Accepted Super Low Cost Solar 14
Thermal/CHP 2
- gtgt continued 7. Solar thermal/heat
v Solar Heat for Industrial
Process(SHIP) suitable for low/mid temp needs,
v-a Cooking Scheffler reflector etc
use, pasteurizing, cooking(Tss-India), advanced
parabolic or vacuum tube use(SunFire Solutions),
solar tracking system with heat storage tank
movable to chosen location of cooking(SUREST
International),
- v-b Various Industrial washing desalinating,
drying, cooling, bleaching(Megawatt Solutions,
Clique Solar ARUN, Trivelli Energi), higher
efficiency Linear Fresnels used Chromasun
Micro-Concentrator, v-c Utility Gas-steam
turbine augmenting or reduce start up time,
Integrated Solar Combined Cycle(ISCC) Yazd Solar
Energy , v-d Solar Thermal EOR(Enhanced Oil
Recovery) Novatec Solar, GlassPoint, - Solar thermal is applicable in std model device
to most industries except Metal-Smelting(high
temp system must be custom made) types, Cost
justifiable even when heat storage is needed,
Different temp types Basic Standard Flat
Plate Collector(lt80C)(Apricus), or Evacuated
tube (lt100C), But simple external non-tracking
reflector added 200C performance is
possible(Artic Solar), Often heat pipe is used
for effective/efficient rapid heat transfer,
Mid temp system Parabolic Trough or Linear
Fresnel Collector(lt400C), --gtgtcont
linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm -Ben
Rusuisiak Specialty Cleantech Analysis,
Vancouver, Canada
10Science-Accepted Super Low Cost Solar 15
Thermal/CHP 3, New Mechanics
- gtgt continued 7. Solar thermal/heat
CSP(lt600-800C), Up to 3500C system exists but
non commercial Le Four Solaire dOdeillo PROMES,
produced H2 by non catalyst pure heat from water,
Or ??????? ????????? ???? in Uzbekistan(lasting
45yrs Some CSP system might last much longer
than std rating of 25yrs, also some Photovoltaic
cell would last 50yrs with 25 less initial
capacity i.e. Cost of certain device can be much
lower than publicly discussed).
- Instead of mirror, Solar Pumped Laser with
Fresnel lens using Chromium doped NdYAG (Yttrium
aluminium garnet) crystals or variations to
increase light absorption efficiency by a few
fold(PD Reusswig), and using its heat for super
efficient solar hydrogen making (Kaz Imasaki),
added efficiency if seawater's magnesium
generates heat(Tak Yabe) - 8. Other fundamentally different mechanics
type, Practically untouched by mainstream, but
national labs/space agencies seem to involve,
some indication of over-unity solar under right
conditions i Maglev Vertical Axis Mendocino
Motor V3Solar(C LaDue), Array of AC current
producing multiple spinning solar cones with
mutual counter rotating amplifying effect?,
ii Solar Liquid Power(D Linman), iii
Diffused light workable Superconducting paint(C
Bolaños), similar 85 efficiency steam generating
carbon foam(Ha Ghasemi), or Nanosized Quantum
Dots based Photovoltaic Paint(Sus Thon, Ted
Sargent)
linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm -Ben
Rusuisiak Specialty Cleantech Analysis,
Vancouver, Canada
11Science-Accepted Super Low Cost Wind 1
- gtgt cont SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER COST TYPES (Grid
parity or less)
WIND
ENERGY, Wide range of under deployed different
mechanics/tech available, extensively tested by
labs smaller scale models to back up claims,
even mini turbines more efficient than larger
conventional, but often way past grid parity
lower cost than all conventional energy tech,
only in specific locality and not universally,
but some are lt4cents/KWh. - Following listing includes many commercialization
failures/bankruptcies due to being new product
quality issue failing to capture
unconventional wind effect in half of installed
sites, sometimes highlighted as proof of non std
wind tech invalidity in wind energy media or
industry expert blogs, - Almost no participation by largest ranking wind
power majors, Majority of following wind tech
indicates science illegal performance of Betz
limit(59 efficiency) exceeding up to 4
times(vortex, venturi coanda type effect funnels
extra wind, also limit might not apply to non
HAWTHorizontal Axis, etc), hence frequently
called exaggeration/miscalibration, Often
a-Fundamentally different mechanics from
conventional wind tech, b-Works with higher
lower wind level, c-Quieter, d-Very space
efficient. e-Reduced or no bird/bat accidents.
Some are f-Specialized in small scale, g-Longer
lasting and less maintenance, h-Simpler
mechanics. --gtgtcont
linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm -Ben
Rusuisiak Specialty Cleantech Analysis,
Vancouver, Canada
12Super Low Cost Wind 2 VAWT, Blade Variation etc
- gtgt continued WIND Alleged beyond science law
efficiency wind turbine eg
i-Involved with aerospace industry (eg
DAWT- Diffuser Augmented Wind Turbine, Delta
Wing, Use of mechanics of Sailing directly
against wind or faster than wind speed),
Indicated in Boldface Dark Blue means actively
commercialized in following 1-17 - 1 Advanced VAWT(vertical axis wind turbine
Darrius Savonius combo etc, material integrity
improvement continued from past wind farm
failures(Yih Ho Pao) Turbina VAWT(Mi Tesic),
Luethi Wind(M Luethi), Sambrabec Catavent - ERD
qc(Obidniak), - 2 Large VAWT types Agile Power(Bahnmüller),
Terra Moya(R Taylor), Mass Megawatts(Jo Ricker
Multi-Axis Turbo system MMW augmenter), New
Millenium Wind(Drew Thacker, high profile with
contracts- suddenly retracted), Wind Harvest
International(B Thomas), 3 Maglev VAWT by
Senzhen TYPMAR, Regenedyne(Choi Jenkins),
Mag-Wind(Rowan, later called fraud, sometimes
happens when inventor type free energy tech is
commercialized p183-187), 4
Unconventional rotation type Windpods (Attey),
- 5 Turbine engine type Stormblade
Wind(Jovanovic), Hush Wind Turbine(Ar OConnor),
6 Different blades or bladeless Saphon(Aouini),
de Archimedes (Ruijtenbeek), SpiralAirFoil(Parker
Noonan), --gtgtcont
linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm -Ben
Rusuisiak Specialty Cleantech Analysis,
Vancouver, Canada
13Super Low Cost Wind 3 Rotor, Multi Direction etc
- 7 Specific Shaped Fluid dynamic effects i Tesla
Turbine Tesnic(Ho Nica), spins with same speed
as wind, extremely strong with high wind, "close
to 100" efficiency?, ii DAWT Airsynergy(J
Smyth), - iii Magnus effect Rotor ship(Flettner) by Enercon
E-ship1, but Rotor type oscillation wind
generators are only marginally lower cost than
conventional, iv Spiral magnus cylinder
blades Mecaro(Nob Murakami), needs electricity
to initially activate generator, v Venturi
rotor Energy Ball Vindkraft,(van der Klippe), vi
Conical Helicoid Windstrument(Cl Clark),
disruptively scalable, vii
Rectangular building roof edges Anerdgy
WindRail(Sv Koehler), viii Others BERWIAN wind
concentrator (In Rechenberg), 3D wind turbine
Nheolis (Haddjeri, French govnt backing), Warp
ENECO(Weisbrich), - 8 Airborne wind majors(eg Google)
participating Altaeros(Glass),
KiteGen(Ippolito), Ampyx(Koning Ruiterkamp),
e-kite(van den Brink), TwingTec(C Houle), Ocean
freight free wind propulsion SkySails, How
much power can be generated if combine this 1km
range long device with Electro Hydroylic Tether
or simple electro conductive wire?
- 9 Omni directional Katru IMPLUS(Sureshan),
10 Wind-solar hybrid(Skywolf/WindTamer
J Brock), Blue Energy(Melchior structured self
cleaning solar surface), --gtgtcont
linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm -Ben
Rusuisiak Specialty Cleantech Analysis,
Vancouver, Canada
14Super Low Cost Wind 4 Spiral or Coupled Vortex
- 11 Basic spiral convection vortex effect,
mostly by active engineers mainstream academics
large corporate/Govt backing, Upright vortex
or Along steep mountain contour pipe Vortex
Engine(Michaud), Tornado Wind Energy TWECS(Ja
Yen), Windhamster(Jü Schatz), - Microwave projection triggered tornado
generator(Sl Tepic), Other research pre 1960s
(Cheng Ting Hsu, Nazare, Ma Haug, Be Dubo, Ma
Menard), After 1990s(Stiig, Ma Tanner, Bubnov,
Ra Menard, Ar Glezer, More common among Russian
Chinese academics), - 12 Downward vortex by water spray(P Carlson),
Sharav Sluices(Zaslavsky, Guetta, Israel Gov
backed), side effect use for desalinating water,
13 Horizontal, large version of vortex
tubes(De Oliver), Vsquare Wind(Ro Freda, US army
link), Sheerwind INVELOX(Allaei), - 14 Mini size vortex Western Co
Fotovoltaici(Gachechiladze Cimini),
Convection Mill model(AR Bennett, A
Holmes), can be interpreted as ambient permanent
free energy 15 Boundary Layer, Coupled Vortex
Effect(Paraschivoiu, Daibiri), Only small
improvement but universal wind turbine
performance booster adopter Leviathan Wind
Energizer(D Farb),
linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm -Ben
Rusuisiak Specialty Cleantech Analysis,
Vancouver, Canada
15Super Low Cost Wind 5 Oscillation/Resonance etc
- 16 Oscillation based, no rotation, easily
installed literally anywhere, highly scalable
Altenera BreezeBee(Mo Kaplan), Even more
efficient Standing Wave causing Resonance freq.
crossover type of Self exciting vortex shedding
Zephyr Energy Windbeam(Dy Thorp), Aeroelastic
flutter Windbelt/Windcell/Humdinger(S Frayne),
sold only under certain special conditions, some
already copied Wolt Wind Energy. - If resonance creation is aimed (avoided by
regular turbine for device integrity reason) it
might further improve efficiency as seen in other
techs. Use of Helmholz cavity(eg blowing air at
top of bottle to make loud sound) to take up very
little space on buildings wall yet possibly more
efficient than conventional generator per same
wind(SP Matova, T Van Buren). What happens if
pair up the resonators? Also see
Piezo-Triboelectricity (p25-28), - 17 Portable foldable wind generator Natural
Power Concepts(J Pitre, US military link), Micro
Windmill(Sm Rao), Ventus Folding Wind(Kuckir),
15-100cm diameter scalable space fillable
interconnected light turbines generates useable
power from 2m/sec MotorWind(Gambarota)
linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm -Ben
Rusuisiak Specialty Cleantech Analysis,
Vancouver, Canada
16Super Low Cost Hydro 1 Underwater Tidal, Flow
Dynamics, Adjusting blades, beyond Bez Limit etc
- Hydro/Tidal/Wave Some are much lower cost only
in remote towns or private power generation, 1
Fundamentally conventional turbine operated super
low cost hydro eg Hydro-Québec, Manitoba Hydro,
Three Gorges Dam, - 2 Underwater tidal flow, Low head hydro(allows
to generate power from unused water flow with
minimum disturbance), some regular hydro turbine,
while majority is similar to vertical axis
Darrieus wind turbine like Benkatina(D Farb),
Mako Turbine - SeaUrchin(M Urch), Beck Mickle
Hydro allows full weight of water power capture
with 70 range efficiency instead of regular
premature turbine rotation (Gilmartin Cattley),
ORPC(Gorlov Turbine used), New Energy EnCurrent,
Strom-Boje(F Mondl), Hydrovolts (Da Roth), Izumi
si(V Markovic), Hydrocat. Larger scale Verdant
Power(D Corren), - More efficient large scale Sundermann Turbine
tilts power blades as rotate - vertical version
of above Beck Hydro Many of above are easy
installation- no damming/digging, Often easy
relocation, some show Betz law violation
efficiency. Also large hydro dam equivalent in
ocean Large to mega scale tidal Blue Energy
Canada(Bar Davis, Mar Burger). --gtgtcont
linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm -Ben
Rusuisiak Specialty Cleantech Analysis,
Vancouver, Canada
17Super Low Cost Hydro 2 MHD, Wave Surge Web
- Hydro/Tidal/Wave 2 Underwater tidal flow
- One of the most effective in ocean energy segment
by MHD(MagnetoHydroDynamic) generator by wave
move(Liquid Metal type) or tidal move
both(Scientific Applications Research
Associates, ??????????- Institute of Electrical
Engineering Chinese Academy of Science) this
type can be easily demonstrated its low cost
high efficiency(Koslover, Rynne, M.F.M.A Majid,
Yan Peng, Li Ran??), Desalination plant left
over high salt content effluent flow salt water
MHD(KSB Aktiengesellschaft) - 3 Use of both wave surging webbing for power
Greenwave Energy, Use of highest lowest point
with in a set of wave scalable system
MotorWave(Gambarota) also can work as a floating
connected "trompe"s to pump water to high land.
linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm -Ben
Rusuisiak Specialty Cleantech Analysis,
Vancouver, Canada
18Super Low Cost Hydro 3 Wave Phase Matching, Phase
dumping, MagnetoStriction etc
- -gtgtcont Hydro/Tidal/Wave 3 Use both wave
surge/web for power - Mainstream group supported unique wave energy RO
water desalination device or waterwheel power
generator(Atmocean) works by high floating
capacity water surface buoy connected by
vertically moving shaft to submerged floating
anchor(seafloor unfixed) to function as water
pressure pump as 15 or more networked units. - Inertial vertical axis above-water gyroscopic
generator whose rotation matches with wave
oscillation frequency to create 50-100 more
efficiency than most other wave generators(Aar
oldin, H Kanki - Hitachi Zosen). 300-500 more
efficiency than conventional wave power by Heart
valve like Phase-dumping control spring mechanism
to match amplify wave motion (CorPower Ocean AB
- NTNU) this anomalous claim is backed by
sufficient vol of experimental results similar
to sensor micro electricity harvester mechanics.
- No-moving parts wave Reverse MagnetoStriction/Vil
lari Effect use iMEC Oscilla Power, Kutlo jp)
oscillating shape of ferromagnetic material
generates time variant magnetic field to generate
electricity --gtgtcont
linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm -Ben
Rusuisiak Specialty Cleantech Analysis,
Vancouver, Canada
19Super Low Cost Hydro 4 Resonance/Oscillation etc
- -gtgtcont Hydro/Tidal/Wave
- 4 Non Turbine, highly scalable, low speed
workable Vortex shedding oscillation VIVACE
Vortex (Bernistas), - Electroactive Polymer Artificial
Muscle/Dielectric Elastomers electric generation
on any moving water(Kornblush), - Nano Fibre Piezomaterial use(Huifang Xu), Also
combo of Piezo Triboelectricity recovery for
doubled effectiveness contact electrification of
water with PDMS film with patterned pyramid
array(Zhong Lin Wang et al)(p24-27)(this geometry
is also effective at Far Infrared/Microwave
absorption eg Anechoric Chamber) Tribo methods
recover electricity by liquid contacting and
moving on generator surface(water is negativevly
charged device is positively charged). - 5 Liquid pipe flow electricity recovery
5-100KWh Lucid Energy(Schlabach), Rentricity,
Use of venturi to increase speed/energy harvest
HyPER(NR Prasad), Hydroventuri(Geo Rochester)
overunity like effect, - 6 Also completely different far more efficient
mechanics system exists but pseudoscience
treatment due to use of "non-existent" effect or
over unity efficiency(p154-163) eg HHO
OxyHydrogen gas use MHD power generation.
linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm -Ben
Rusuisiak Specialty Cleantech Analysis,
Vancouver, Canada
20 Lowest Cost Energy From Vast Biomass 1
Intro
- Biomass Heavily related to human
habitat/cultural activities with enormous energy
potential even without major technological
paradigm change, and usually not perceived as
such, but often becomes Lowest cost energy when
apply different sets of energy criteria. - a- Even simply by use of conventional tech,
i Applying different cost structure as
by-product(eg Fuel from cellulosic content of
plant, Sugar Cane Bagasse, Wood chips etc. High
energy required waste water treatment reduces
energy needs 30, might even net energy, ii
Minimum human living condition by-product(Energy
produced from Waste or Landfill Gas removal),
iii Regional or Operational based Sawmill
residue burned with cost is now made into Pellets
for income, iv Reevaluating existing criteria
of energy(Peat, Gas Hydrate) - ß- Long researched tech with official
breakthrough declared types, Some of well known
energy industry disruptive techs entered into
mainstream accepted commercialization during
2013-2015. This would also gradually reinforce
idea of far more energy availability than demand
for entire world if combined,
v Cellulosic ethanol -
second generation biofuel,
vi
Sub-SuperCritical Water (SCW) or Hydrothermal
Liquefaction(related tech is marked as "?", often
mainstream approved lowest cost tech for
biomass/organic waste energy production). -
linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm -Ben
Rusuisiak Specialty Cleantech Analysis,
Vancouver, Canada
21Lowest Cost Energy From Biomass 2 Categories
- --gtcont Biomass ß- Breakthrough Tech Types
After Long Research - Feed stocks used to sustain SCW fuel producing
operation can be as low as 2-4, while other
methods requires at least 20 of feedstcok
consumption simply to run same fuel making
process itself. Also SCW process can be
completed as short as in seconds rather than
conventional methods of hrs(combustion etc), days
weeks(AD), and this operation emits very low
emission and CO2 is easily recoverable, - Biomass related technologies are categorized 1-4
as follows in this presentation, but there is a
large degree of cross over
- 1FOREST RESOURCE, 2 AGRICULTURAL, 3
SOLID/LIQUID MINICIPAL-INDUSTRY-AGRI WASTE to
Gas/Methane, Gasoline, Diesel, Ethanol, Crude
Oil, Compressed or as is fuel, Bio Coal, 4 THER
BIOMASS Seaweed/Algae/Peat As is or processed - 1FOREST RELATED Largest vol use in biomass,
?1a
Non-industrial private wood burning/firewood use,
particularly in non developed nations is deemed
very large but no precise figure agreements, many
nations allow access for logging or growth debris
by private individuals freely or by license, Very
low efficiency heat use. gtgtcont -
linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm -Ben
Rusuisiak Specialty Cleantech Analysis,
Vancouver, Canada
22Lowest Cost Energy As Vast Biomass -3, Residual
- --gtcont 1FOREST RELATED
?1b Industrial extra
wood fibre recovery There is extensive recovery
of forest by thinning plantation as well as
harvesting entire tree(including branches), and
sometimes stump root Finland harvests more
than 1 million m3/yr in recent years, some
synergy with peat harvesting, increase minimum
10 of wood vol, much less extent but still done
in Sweden, Baltics, UK. Also general above
ground wood debris recovery from forest is lot
higher in North West Europe than most other
regions. Infra set up with first certain
duration of "investment period" is needed. - ?1c Wood Gasification Power generation Net
energy gain compared to simple combustion, cost
itself had been higher than conventional
combustion in the past due to technical uptime
issue but situation is rapidly changing in last
2-3yrs. Some are CHP(Combined Heat
Power)/Cogeneration. - ?1 LARGE SIZE power plant application(10-150MWh)
by overcoming tar, corrosion, plugging issue
etc, predominantly North West Euro companies, due
to the size primarily Fix Bed Updraft, or
Entrainment, Circular or Bubbling Fluidized
Bed(Foster Wheeler - VTT, Vølund, Nexterra,
Valmet, Andritz Carbona, Outotec, Metso),
Cleaner emission by Steam Fluidized Bed?(Repotec
GmbH, Bosio si),
linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm -Ben
Rusuisiak Specialty Cleantech Analysis,
Vancouver, Canada
23Lowest Cost Energy As Biomass -4, Wood Gas -
Large Size
- --gtcont 1FOREST RELATED ?1c Wood Gasification
?1 LARGE SIZE Likely the
largest installer in the near future with
increasing success (KaidiHI.com ?????????????)
high profile company in China with nation's
President visitation in 2011 13, while its
presence success is little known in west.
(?indicates Sub/SuperCritical Water related
tech) - ?2 MID SIZE(0.5-20MWh) some are very compact
size.
?Scandinavia(Meva Energy,
Weiss A/S, Cortus Energy WoodRoll, Gasek),
?DACH German Speaking Countries(Christof
Industries GmbH), heat pipe use for 35
electrical efficiency under 1MW(agnion Entrade),
Enhanced hydrogen production by superheated steam
injection?(Güssing Renewable Energy GmbH),
?Other Europe (Xylowatt NOTAR, Greene Waste to
Energy, Torftech, Biomass Technology Group BV),
?North America(Chiptec, PRM Energy Systems, KMW
Energy, Thermogenics Gasification ),
?Asia(Chongqing Welluck Trading, Ankur
Scientific), - Full pyrolysis(starved oxygen gasification)
mechanics type that produces biochar
byproduct(Phoenix Energy, Splainex) Fuel/gas
extraction wood Pyrolysis is often smaller scales
or mini DIY types, and usually not competitive
with other wood gasification methods. But it is
often competitive for plastic-tire processing to
produce liquid fuels. Also superior method for
non-fuel biochar/activated carbon/carbon black/
as main production. ---gtgtcont
linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm -Ben
Rusuisiak Specialty Cleantech Analysis,
Vancouver, Canada
24New Perspective -Lowest Cost Energy From
Vast Biomass -5, Wood Gas - Small
- --gtcont 1FOREST RELATED ?1c Wood Gasification
Power generation - ?3 SMALLER SIZE(100-500KWh) often CHP, many
are containerized system module base for
scalability. Some devices start requiring higher
feedstock selectivity to achieve efficiency only
ideal material of lt15 moisture of uniform sized
chip, no dust, no high mineral content etc.
?Scandinavia (Biosynergi Proces, Volter
),?Western Europe(Spanner Re², URBAS, Arbor Heat
Power, Holzenergie Wegscheid, Uniconfort),
high efficiency achieved by pellets use with down
draft( stationary fluidized bed)(Burkhardt
GmbH), pyrolysis element use(KÖB Viessmann),
?Japan is usually tech savvy but lags behind in
Wood gasifying(Yanmar, ZE Energy Inc, Chugairo
Kogyo), - ?Other areas (Community Power Corporation BioMax,
Biogen corp ltd, Carbo Consult Engineering),
Single unit 400KWh size by downdraft bed(this
method generates clean gas but traditionally very
picky for feedstock)(PHG Energy), some are heat
generation focus(Infinite Energy Pvt, Advanced
Climate Technologies), - ?4 MINI SIZE POWER generator(10-200KWh)
Recently often CHP equipped sophisticated
residential to small community/industrial use
electrical generator is offered(Entrade, All
Power Labs, HERZ Energietechnik) less ash, more
compact etc.
linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm -Ben
Rusuisiak Specialty Cleantech Analysis,
Vancouver, Canada
25Lowest Cost Energy Vast Biomass -6, Wood Pellet
- --gtcont 1FOREST RELATED ?1c Wood Gasification
Power generation - ?5 MINI SIZED HEAT only deice usually unrefined
or DIY type system particularly at developing
nations, but increasingly sophisticated devices
are offered, and generates lowest cost heat by
large margin in certain micro macro regions
?
Europe(Kraft und Wärme aus Biomasse, GUNTAMATIC,
Wallnöfer Walltherm, ATMOS - Jaroslav Cankar a
syn), some pellet boilers are also efficient by
regular combustion by CHP 25 electricity
generating Stirling Engine(ÖkoFEN), or pellet
gasifying-direct combustion switchable(ETA
Heiztechnik GmbH),
?
North America(Skanden Energy, Kuuma Lamppa
Manufacturing),
? Others(Associated
Engineering Works Gasifier), - ?1e Pellet A form of "free energy" utilization
or value adding in forest industry by use of
sawmill forest residual, Can become cheapest
fuel avail in some areas, in some markets entire
low grade logs can be more profitably used to
produce pellets instead of lumber/pulp
manufacturing. Major producers(Pinnacle Pellet,
JSC Vyborgskaya cellulose, Enviva, German
Pellets, Härjedalens Miljöbränsle). Top
producing counties(US, Canada, Germany, Sweden,
Latvia, Russia), Large consumers(UK, Italy, US,
Germany, Sweden), Top importers (UKheavy for
power generation, Italy, Denmark), Roughly
50-50type breakdown use for residential heat vs
industrial(ash yielding bark contained etc).
Latter volume might fluctuate rapidly by
electrical generation pellet use policy. -gtgtcont
linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm -Ben
Rusuisiak Specialty Cleantech Analysis,
Vancouver, Canada
26New Perspective -Lowest Cost Energy From
Vast Biomass -7, Wood Pellet 2
- --gtcont 1FOREST RELATED ?1e Pellet
- Some producers use Steam Explosion for cell
weakening and densification (also see p90
Torrefaction , p98,99 Hydrothermal
carbonization). High combustion lignin
pellet(50-90 range lignin instead of 30 range
in regular wood) as Dilute Acid Hydrolysis
alcohol production leftover(?????? ?????? ??????,
Lignineko), sometimes from 30millon m3(Russia
only, other CIS excluded) accumulation of
hydrolytic lignin landfill dump .
- ?1f Biomass Briquettes Usually non-industrial
size production unless part of large
pulp/peat/lumber/composite wood operation(often
in Russia) by shredding and compressing when
stock is dry enough(moisture lt16), some are
stand alone with 20,000ton/yr scale with other
biomass(Biocoal co in, KGN Biofuels ), Lignin
based briquette(?????????? ??????????? ?????,
Banisa Energy ). System providers(WEIMA
Maschinenbau, Briquette-Machine, C.F. Nielsen),
Generally speaking this sector's leader is India,
where product is called "biocoal" which is
confusing with torrefied pellets.
linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm -Ben
Rusuisiak Specialty Cleantech Analysis,
Vancouver, Canada
27New Perspective -Lowest Cost Energy From Vast
Biomass -8, Wood Ethanol Enzyme Acid Hydrolysis
- --gtcont 1FOREST RELATED
- ?1g Forest Residual Cellulosic Ethanol, other
Fuels There are many combos but main types are
i -Enzymatic Hydrolysis based, some pretreatments
include classic sulfuric acid, alkaline to low
cost Sub/Supercritical water etc(Chempolis, St1
biofuels, Sekab, Mitsui Zosen - ???, dins?
????),(also see Agri left over p111-113)
- ii-Acid Hydrolysis based, Fundamentally
different business model compared to all other
main biofuel technologies. ii -a Sulfuric Ethanol
is around 100yrs as major byproduct of Sulfite
Pulping(Borregaard) which is now mostly phased
out by Kraft Pulp. - ii -ß High temperature Dilute Acid Hydrolysis
Ethanol production(0.2-5 range H2SO4), this
simple continuation of supposed to be good only
for pretreatment process is ignored by most of
modern west(Kirov Ethanol) wood
boiling/distilling with semi SubCritical water
element. Its operation mode is rather more like
some pulp-paper mill like business model(eg
Rayonier-Tembec Temiscaming) than low value fuel
making. --gtcont
linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm -Ben
Rusuisiak Specialty Cleantech Analysis,
Vancouver, Canada
28Lowest Cost Energy From Biomass 9, Wood
Ethanol Forgotten Russia's Simple Dilute Acid
Hydrolysis
- --gtcont 1FOREST ?1g Residual Cellulosic
Ethanol etc ii- ß Dilute Acid Hydrolysis
- Russia/Soviet had simple large scale uniquely
structured long term lucrative operations of 2Gen
ethanol business model but mysterious govnt new
policies(eg suddenly imposed same high tax as
alcohol beverage!, or stringent lignin dumping
big fine while other garbage dumping went
unprosecuted) to bankrupt most large plants in
2000s. - Low Cost Model of breaking down long chain
polymer to simple sugars (monosaccharides,
C5/C6), enabled product ratio adjustable wide
range of value byproducts(protein /fodder yeast,
furfural, Xylitol, CO2). and often further value
added alcohol(Medical Alcohol, Spirits/ Brandy
Vodka, Holzbranntwein, Whiskey, Synthetic plastic
or rubber material) reducing low value ethanol
fuel( ?????????? ??????????? ?????, ??????????
????????????? ????? ), or can completely replace
ethanol by making value add product(??????????,
???????? ??????-???????????? ??????????? ). - Feedstock is frequently mix of whole wood, wood
residual, non edible portion of agri crop,
industrial food processing left over etc. and
seasonably variable. --gtgtcont
linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm -Ben
Rusuisiak Specialty Cleantech Analysis,
Vancouver, Canada
29Energy From Vast Biomass 10, Wood Ethanol thru Gas
- --gtcont 1FOREST ?1g Residual Cellulosic
Ethanol etc ii- ß Dilute Acid Hydrolysis
- Also Dilute Acid Hydrolysis produces enormous
amount(20-35 of total production) of unutilized
wet impure somewhat SubCritical water altered
lignin, still often discarded accumulated
30million m3(Russian industrial waste bashing
Western media mostly ignore just this massive
lignin dumping ethanol industry - to hide
economically disruptive CO2 sequestrating Russian
lignocellulosic fuel business?) - iii-Gasification reforming Fischer Tropsch
can process whole wood fibre including lignin
(UPM-Kymmene), Lower cost with steam
gasification ?(Woodland Biofuels), Small scale
rotary kiln use gasifying(Micro Energy Japan),
Likely world's first modern 10,000ton/yr level
biomass feed commercialization in 2013, feedstock
is mix of wood, plant, trash etc(KaidiHI.com -
?????????????).
iv-Pyroysis based produces electrical power
heat while generates liquid fuel(BTG Bioliquids -
Empyro BV, Fotum), - Mega "test" facility(Karlsruhe bioliq), Largest
operator in in this type with international
locations(Ensyn Technologies). Also see Wet
Pyrolysis at p98 ?3c Hydrothermal
Carbonization(HTC). v-Sub/SuperCritical
water(SCW) element(higher temp than hydrolysis
(ie Near Critical WaterNCW), Can process whole
wood fibre including lignin. All SCW related
tech is marked ? in biomass section) ?(Licella -
Ignite Energy Resources, Steeper Energy, BTG
World - BTG Biomass), Steam Thermolysis ?
?(Concord Blue), Well known majors participated
but followed by project cancellation(Catchlight
EnergyChevron - Weyerhaeuser) too low cost?
linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm -Ben
Rusuisiak Specialty Cleantech Analysis,
Vancouver, Canada
30Energy From Vast Biomass 11, Wood Torrefaction
- --gtcont 1FOREST
- ?1h Torrefaction Torrefied Pellets/BioCoal
Lower temp 200-300C range oxygen-less process of
dry material with final product with 70 of
original mass with 90 of energy potential
retained in compressed form increase per volume
heat capacity, hydrophobic (nonhygroscopic),
overall lower cost than pellets per energy
produced as delivered. - Also various other benefits(eg easy grinding for
co-feeding with coal, less abrasion of engine if
used as coal water slurry fuel than conventional
coal etc), some bio-binder pretreatment
palletizing before heat processing generally has
better quality. - Not as economically disruptive as 2nd Gen
bioethanol due to solid nature. Longer presence
in Western Europe, particularly in
Netherlands(Blackwood Technology, Torrcoal),
Other nations(Arbaflame, Arigna Biofuels,
Torrec), Euro Major's participation(ANDRITZ,
AREVA), Largest producers are in US with over
200,000ton/yr capacity(Zilkha Biomass, New
Biomass Energy), but generally North America
operations have newer participation with same
level production cap. as Europe(Diacarbon, Airex
Energy, Solvay Biomass), Some claim no indoor
storage needs for rain(Arbaflame, HM3 Energy),
non western producers are rare(BioWindbell
Technology)
linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm -Ben
Rusuisiak Specialty Cleantech Analysis,
Vancouver, Canada
31Energy From Vast Biomass 12, Black Liquor(BL)
- --gtcont 1FOREST RELATED
- ?1i Pulp mill Black Liquor(BL) enhanced
utilization BL is by far the largest energy
source(efficient pulp mills are net power
generators) and core process medium in chemical
pulp process that repeatedly gets cleaned
burned its lignin hemi cellulose(cellulose
extraction left over) as pulpmill's energy source
during operation. But as mill efficiency
increases, Increasing Lignin vol is more of
undesired leftover i -High energy Lignin as
oil for fuel chemical raw material(Lignol-RenFu
el) lab type environment generation, dedicated
large plant doesn't exist, ii-BL Gasification
Replace Tomlinson boiler by PulseEnhanced Black
Liquor Gasification (ThermoChem Recovery
International), or regular Gasification, other
ways of more energy recovery, option for biofuel
etc(Chemrec se, Babcock Wilcox), - ?1j Cooking Woodstove in Developing Nations,
40-60 range of their wood use saving compared to
conventional 3rd world stove with significant
positive health effect by removing most of smoke
done in less than half duration (Mbaula Green,
RocketWorks, Aprovecho), Some are geared for
larger kitchen cooking stoves(EnviroFit), or
advanced nation's recreational market focus -
saves 80-90 fuel compared to open fire cooking
removes most of fumes(StoveTec, Ecozoom,
SilverFire Rocket)
linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm -Ben
Rusuisiak Specialty Cleantech Analysis,
Vancouver, Canada
32New Perspective -Lowest Cost Energy From
Vast Biomass 13, Agri Cellulosic Ethanol
- 2 AGRICULTURAL Cellulosic Ethanol from non
food crop plant(advanced ethanol, 2nd generation
biofuel etc) Sociopolitically larger
ramification than forestry feedstock biofuel.
This has been commercialized many times prior but
frequent untimely events from losing money, to
suddenly financial backers withdraw, or projects
halt with no clear reason given etc, all in
addition to technical/operational/raw material
difficulties. Soviet/Russia operates for regional
supply since 1930s(ignored by west, reduced vol
now). - Majority of techs are actually higher cost than
existing fuel, but a few are lowest cost in some
situations, or depended on feed stock cost
calculations. - Finally after 2014, some consistent operations
have been established outside of CIS/Russia,
while many are still on pilot production by using
3rd party system(without own facilities, not
listed here) tech use is redundant with prior
listed "1g Forest Residual".
-gtgt cont
linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm -Ben
Rusuisiak Specialty Cleantech Analysis,
Vancouver, Canada
33Energy From Vast Biomass 14, Agri Cellulosic
Ethanol
- --gtgt cont 2 AGRICULTURAL NON CROP PLANT
PORTION Cellulosic Ethanol
- ?2a Enzymatic Hydrolysis Far less fuel recovery
slow, cannot digest lignin etc compared to
other processes. Challenge includes different
saccharification speed(of digesting
polysaccharides Hemi-Cellulose heavier to C5
sugar glucose, Cellulose to C6 xylose).
Lignin(Aromatic Polymer) can be sold as nonfuel
value raw material(eg for Vanillin, Glycol) but
too much volume? Maybe competitive as aromatic
compound material? - i -Introductory type Cellulosic Ethanol by
"bolted on" to existing food stock ethanol plant
corn kernel fibre processing to increase extra
5-10 of ethanol production(Cellerate-Syngenta,
Edeniq ), only 3rd party line production but
claims lt 1/gallon(lt 0.265/litre) (GeoSynFuels),
ii-Regular stand alone type Ethanol production,
some use catalytic pretreatment (Clariant,
Inbicon, Iogen ca, Zeachem, American Process,
Bioflex - GranBio, Beta Renewables, Abengoa
Bioenergy), Largest 2nd generation bio ethanol
operation as of 2016(Dupont), Largest overall bio
ethanol maker participates (POET llc), Starting
outside of Europe/North America(Raizen, Henan
Tianguan, Shandong Longlive), Rare SuperCritical
water(SCW) pretreatment tech provider?(Renmatix).
-gtgtcont
linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm -Ben
Rusuisiak Specialty Cleantech Analysis,
Vancouver, Canada
34Lowest Cost Energy From Vast Biomass 15, Agri
Cellulosic Ethanol Dilute Acid Hydrolysis etc
- --gtgt cont 2 AGRICULTURAL
- ?2b Dilute Acid Hydrolysis Fundamentally
different business model from other
lignocellulosic biofuel operations Used in
Soviet/Russia since 1930s with production
adjustable high value byproducts and option of
value added alcohol instead of fuel ethanol. Low
key local production(??????????? ???????????
????? ), rare exporting company(Fargona Kimyo
Zavodi ), (also see p106-108 for wood ethanol), - ?2c Gasification Steam Reform or/
Fischer-Tropsch (Ineos), some methods produce
liquid fuel 3-4times more than above Enzyme
method per given stock, orders of magnitude
faster processing by direct synthesis with metal
catalyst(Sekisui Chemical, Mitsui Zosen), same
efficiency with many Sub/SCW methods. Very minor
utilization eg Superheated steam?(Sundrop
Fuels).
linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm -Ben
Rusuisiak Specialty Cleantech Analysis,
Vancouver, Canada
35New Perspective -Lowest Cost Energy From
Vast Biomass 16, Waste to Energy AD/Biogas
- 3 MUNICIPAL WASTE (MSW), Liquid Waste,
INDUSTRIAL WASTE, AGRICULTURAL ANIMAL WASTE (this
presentation treats animal fat/cooking oil as
part of existing fuel it is not discussed),
also cross over with wood - ?3a Anaerobic Digestion(AD) - to produce
Biogas/Methane by bacteria consuming waste. Also
note at least some of microorganisms are
electrically active(mainstream science accepted
idea Geobacter etc) and produce also anomalous
field with various antioxident electrical
effects(rejected idea).Completely mainstream tech
and widely used as default process in many
nations/sectors to produce "free" energy while
infrequently used in others. - i -Sophisticated large sized Bio methane
production(engine feedable), to Electrical
generation systems with various scales Largest
types(STRABAG Umweltanlagen, Axpo Kompogas), Mid
to large size installation (OWS nv, EnviTec
Biogas, BTA international, PlanET-Biogas, IES
BIOGAS, BTS Biogas, Xergi ), Smaller
types(WELTEC BIOPOWER, ENSPAR Biogas, Schmack
Biogas, CH Four Biogas), Focused on upgrading
biogas systems(Malmberg Gruppen), Specialized
for biogas engine(SCHNELL Motoren ) -gtcont
linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm -Ben
Rusuisiak Specialty Cleantech Analysis,
Vancouver, Canada
36New Perspective -Lowest Cost Energy From
Vast Biomass 17, Biogas
- --gtgt cont 3 MAINLY NONWOOD WASTE ?3a Anaerobic
Digestion(AD) i Biomethane
Many installations operate like farming
coop, for this type of sophisticated system
Germany has highest installation(10,000units)
most power generation per capita followed by
rest of Europe(UK, Luxembourg, Switzerland,
Austria, Denmark, Czech, Sweden etc), Less extent
in North America, or rest of world, UK strength
is also in sewage biogas Landfill Gas,
- ii -Less sophisticated mini to small sized type
has long been actively offered, particularly in
India/Bangladesh area(Biotech India, Beta Pak
Biogas, Puxintech), Also significant
family/housing based DIY type system in some
nations around the world(eg Deenbandhu units in
India 4million, Ban qu?n lý D? án Khí sinh h?c
installed 0.1million in Vietnam etc), Energy
security conscious China's national policy
installed DIY type system in rural community at
least 40million units(though fair portion of them
might be in dormant or high downtime state).
Professionally made home based system
sold(HomeBiogas, Bsustain, Vivesty ), also
septic tank replacement or converter
types(BiogasPro Agama), Not AD but fancy ethanol
production type home unit operates with very
limited feedstock(Micro Fueler), --gtgtcont
linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm -Ben
Rusuisiak Specialty Cleantech Analysis,
Vancouver, Canada
37Energy From Vast Biomass 18, Waste Water by AD
- --gtgt cont 3 MAINLY NONWOOD WASTE ?3a Anaerobic
Digestion(AD) - iii-WasteWater processing by Anaerobic Digestion
Biogas from sludge processing, usually with
various pretreatments including hydrolysis,
alkaline etc, Some largest scale is like 100,000
ton/yr level(Cambi, Veolia Exelys/Biothelys),
Others(Hager Elsaesser, WABAG, ADI systems inc,
Terax nz, Jeongbong kr, Hydroitalia - Colsen,
Eliquo BV, Paques nl, Anaergia). - Methanogenic Electrogenic microbe based methane
electricity generating waste water cleaning
system(Cambrian Innovation works for
fermentation residue type wastewater), or wider
range process capability Electrogenic Bio
Reactor(Emefcy) Microbial fuel cell mechanics.
Note highly effective low cost cell wall
destruction/cell lysis(in a way similar degree to
SCW) by electroporation/electric pulse is often
left out from mainstream discussion of enhanced
biofuel recovery from wet sludge(Vogelsang,
OpenCEL Trojan). Microbubble/Nanobubble CO2
infusion might increase gas productivity up to
2wice as conventional method(Perlemax). Also
see p108 Wet Air Oxidation. - ?3b Plastic to Oil After recycling, still about
130million tons/yr disposed world total, a
fraction of which(but rapidly increasing) is made
into fuel. Even if 90 of all plastic is
converted with 70 efficiency recovery to fuel
(PVCPolyvinyl chloride PETPolyethylene
terephthalate is 30-40 range recovery even rest
of plastic can be 90), it would make up
negligible 1-1.5 of world oil consumption.
--gtgtcontinued
linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm -Ben
Rusuisiak Specialty Cleantech Analysis,
Vancouver, Canada
38Energy From Vast Biomass 19, Plastic to Oil
Pyrolysis
- --gtgt cont 3 MAINLY NONWOOD WASTE ?3b
Plastic to Oil - But substantial benefit to the plastic to fuel
converting operation or community that owns it,
generally unreported in west but active operation
world wide, more in oil shortage China and India
etc, than in west.
- Large Western mainstream corporations so far
infrequently involved and even when do, they
often avoid direct involvement work through
subsidiaries or as joint venture. - i -Pyrolysis Oxygen deprived heating causes
generation of liquid fuel, gas, and char. Most
system can only take selective plastic(usually no
PET PVC), some can recover fuel with all types
of plastic but most of cases oil quality suffers
beyond 3-5 range PET/PVC and emit toxic fume,
corrode or clog process line. Many system can
only produce "crude oil", and need further
processing to use as gasoline or diesel
replacement. Some system has adjustment to
change recovery ratio of oil vs char when
focused to generate fuel, tires are generally
weightwise 30-40 recovery to fuel, plastics are
60-90 level. - It can be adjusted to have lower fuel produced
with higher char/carbon recovery(agriculture etc
use). All infeed material needs to be shredded.
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