water pollution

1
Water Pollution

• BY MAHAK DEEP
• class viii a
• school major r.n kapoor
  

2
OUTLINE

• Introduction
• Water subject to pollution
• Pollutants
• Domestic Policy
• Development of regime
• Land-based Sources
• Dumping
• Pollution from Ships
• Liability
• Conclusion

3
Introduction

• Two types of water subject to pollution
• Surface water rivers, lakes, oceans
• Uses drinking, recreational fishing, boating,
  swimming, irrigation.
• Groundwater- occurs beneath a water table in
  soils or rocks subject to pollution from toxic
  chemicals.
• Uses drinking, irrigation, etc

4

• Contamination
• Nature of sources of contamination point and
  non-point
• Point source discharge into surface waters at a
  specific location through a pipe, outfall or
  ditch.

5

• Sources of contamination
• For Groundwater
• -polluting substances leach into a
  water-saturated region e.g. toxic chemicals
• -Mainly due to migration of pollutants from
  sites with high concentrations of chemicals
  e.g. industrial waste sites and farms

6

• Sources of contamination
• For Surface water
• Rivers and lakes
• Point source -sewage municipal or private
• - industrial wastes
• Non-point source
• Agricultural activity e.g. pesticides,
  fertilizers.
• urban and highway water runoff.
• Ocean oil spills, dumping, land-based sources
• Oil spills during transportation, either
  accidentally or intentionally
• Dumping sewage, chemical disposal, radioactive
  materials
• Land-based sources migration of chemical
  substances.

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Types of Pollutants Fund and accumulating
pollutants

• I) Fund pollutants
• -Environment has some assimilative capacity. If
  capacity for absorption higher than rate of
  injection, they may not accumulate.
• a) Degradable
• degrades/break into component parts within water.
  Are normally organic residuals attacked and
  broken down by bacteria and become less harmful.
• b) Thermal pollution
• caused by injection of heat into watercourses by
  an industrial plant or electric utility using
  surface water as a coolant, and returning the
  heated water to the watercourse.

8
Domestic policy on international waters Ocean

• I) Oil spills covered under the Clean Water
  Act
• prohibits discharges of harmful quantities of oil
  into navigable waters
• industry assume responsibility for any damage
  clean up compensation for environmental
  restoration.
• II) Dumping
• Marine Protection Research and Sanctuaries Act,
  1972.
• address discharges of waste
• within U.S. territorial limits
• by U.S. vessels or persons in any ocean waters.