Wireless AC Power Transfer using HF Air Core Transformer - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Wireless AC Power Transfer using HF Air Core Transformer

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Wireless power transmission project is used to transfer the power from the power source to electrical loads using high frequency resonating air core transformers. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Wireless AC Power Transfer using HF Air Core Transformer


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AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
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AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
Introduction
  • The main objective of this project is to transfer
    the AC power wirelessly from a power source to
    electrical loads using a high-frequency
    resonating air core transformer to develop the
    frequency from 50Hz to 40KHz for transferring
    power over a distance of 3cm.Wireless power
    transfer can make a remarkable change in the
    field of electrical engineering , which
    eliminates the usage of conventional copper
    cables and current carrying wires. Based on this
    concept, the project is developed to transfer the
    power within a small range.

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AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
Block Diagram
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AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
Hardware Requirements
  • 8051 series Microcontroller
  • Relay Driver IC
  • Relays
  • 7 segment display
  • Opto-isolators
  • Crystal
  • LED
  • Resistors
  • Capacitors
  • Diodes
  • Transformer
  • Voltage Regulator

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AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
Software Requirements
  • Keil compiler
  • Languages Embedded C or Assembly

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AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
HF Transformers
  • Electric power transmission over long distances.
  • High-voltage direct-current HVDC power
    transmission systems.
  • Large, specially constructed power transformers
    are used for electric arc furnaces used in
    steelmaking.
  • Rotating transformers are designed so that one
    winding turns while the other remains stationary.

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AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
HF Transformers
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AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
HF Transformers
  • A common use was the video head system as used in
    VHS and Beta video tape players.
  • These can pass power or radio signals from a
    stationary mounting to a rotating mechanism, or
    radar antenna.

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AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
AC Power Flow
  • Different lines have different values for R, XL ,
    and XC , depending on
  • Length
  • Conductor spacing
  • Conductor cross-sectional area
  • XC is equally distributed along the line

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AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
Resistance in AC Circuits
  • Resistance (R) is the property of a material that
    opposes current flow causing real power or watt
    losses due to I2R heating
  • Line resistance is dependent on
  • Conductor material
  • Conductor cross-sectional area
  • Conductor length
  • In a purely resistive circuit, current and
    voltage are in phase instantaneous power
    equaling the product of the two

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AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
Wireless Power Transfer
  • wireless power involves the transmission of
    energy from a transmitter to a receiver via an
    oscillating magnetic field.
  • To achieve this, Direct Current (DC) supplied by
    a power source, is converted into high frequency
    Alternating Current (AC) by specially designed
    electronics built into the transmitter.

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AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
Wireless Power Transfer
  • wireless power involves the transmission of
    energy from a transmitter to a receiver via an
    oscillating magnetic field.
  • To achieve this, Direct Current (DC) supplied by
    a power source, is converted into high frequency
    Alternating Current (AC) by specially designed
    electronics built into the transmitter.

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AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
Applications of Wireless Power Transfer
  • Reduce costs associated with maintaining direct
    connectors .
  • Greater convenience for ?the charging of everyday
    electronic devices
  • Safe? power transfer to applications that need to
    remain sterile or hermetically sealed
  • Electronics can be fully enclosed, reducing the
    risk of corrosion due to elements such as oxygen
    and water.

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AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
Applications of Wireless Power Transfer
  • ?Robust and consistent power delivery to
    rotating, highly mobile industrial equipment?
  • ?Delivers reliable power transfer to mission
    critical systems in wet, dirty and moving
    environments.

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AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
Rectifier
  • A rectifier is an electrical device composed of
    one or more diodes that converts alternating
    current (AC) to direct current (DC).
  • A diode is like a one-way valve that allows an
    electrical current to flow in only one direction.
    This process is called rectification. 
  • A rectifier can take the shape of several
    different physical forms such as solid-state
    diodes, vacuum tube diodes, mercury arc valves,
    silicon-controlled rectifiers and various other
    silicon-based semiconductor switches. 

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AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
Rectifier
  • Rectifiers are used in various devices,
    including
  • DC power supplies
  • Radio signals or detectors
  • A source of power instead of generating current
  • As flame rectification to detect the presence of
    flame
  • High-voltage direct current power transmission
    systems

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AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
Rectifier
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AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
Voltage Regulator
  • A voltage regulator generates a fixed output
    voltage of a preset magnitude that remains
    constant regardless of changes to its input
    voltage or load conditions.
  • There are two types of voltage regulators linear
    and switching.
  • A linear regulator employs an active (BJT or
    MOSFET) pass device (series or shunt) controlled
    by a high gain differential amplifier.

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AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
Voltage Regulator
  • It compares the output voltage with a precise
    reference voltage and adjusts the pass device to
    maintain a constant output voltage.

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AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
Capacitors
  • When apply a voltage to a capacitor, a electrical
    field is created between the capacitors plates.
  • Energy provided by a voltage difference is stored
    in the electric field. The higher the voltage or
    bigger capacitor (higher capacitance), the
    stronger the electric field and more energy is
    stored inside the capacitor.
  • Capacitor does however have a limit as to the
    amount of energy it can store.
  • Energy stored in capacitors magnetic field can
    be retrieved.

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AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
Capacitors
  • It is clear that a capacitor stores energy in the
    form of a electric field created by potential
    difference across the capacitor plates.

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AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
The Coil
  • An electromagnetic coil (or simply a "coil") is
    formed when a conductor (usually an insulated
    solid copper wire) is wound around a core or
    form to create an inductor or electromagnet.
  • Primarily used for transferring energy from one
    electrical circuit to another by magnetic
    coupling
  • Common types of Electromagnetic coils Tesla
    coil, Barker Coil, Choke coil, Maxwell coil etc.
  • In our set-up Primary coil- two 9 turns in
    parallel 9 cm diameter, Secondary coil- 36
    turns, 9 cm diameter

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AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
Working Principle
  • This project can be used for charging batteries
    that physically are not possible to be connected
    electrically such as pace implanted in human body
    that runs on a battery.
  • The patient is required to be operated every year
    to replace the battery.
  • This project is designed to charge a rechargeable
    battery wirelessly for the purpose.
  • Since charging of the battery is not possible to
    be demonstrated, we are providing a DC fan that
    runs through wireless power.

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AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
Working Principle
  • This project is built upon using an electronic
    circuit that converts AC 230V 50Hz to AC 12V,
    High frequency.
  • The output is fed to a tuned coil forming as
    primary of an air-core transformer. The secondary
    coil develops a voltage of HF 12volt.
  • Thus, the transfer of power is done from the
    primary (transmitter) to the secondary, which is
    separated with a considerable distance (say 3cm).

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AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
Working Principle
  • Therefore, the transfer could be seen as the
    primary transmission and the secondary receives
    the power to run the load.
  • Moreover, this technique can be used in number of
    applications to charge a mobile phone, iPod,
    laptop battery, and propeller clock wirelessly.
  • And also this kind of charging provides a far
    lower risk of electrical shock as it would be
    galvanically isolated.

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AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
Advantages
  • Lower Frequency Operation  The operating
    frequency range is in the kilohertz range.
  • Low Cost - The entire system is designed with
    discrete components that are readily available
    of affordable price.
  • Practical for Short Distance  The designed
    system is very practical for short distance as
    long as the coupling coefficient is optimized.

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AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
Dis Advantages
  • High Power Loss  Due its air core design the
    flux leakage is very high. This results in a high
    power loss and low efficiency.
  • Non-directionality  The current design creates
    uniform flux density and isn't very directional
  • Inefficient for longer distances- The efficiency
    drops exponentially with increase in distance.

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AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
Conclusion
In this PPT we have seen AC Power Transfer
Wirelessly by HF, and its working principle,
advantage and disadvantage along with
applications
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