Title: Wireless AC Power Transfer using HF Air Core Transformer
1AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
2AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
Introduction
- The main objective of this project is to transfer
the AC power wirelessly from a power source to
electrical loads using a high-frequency
resonating air core transformer to develop the
frequency from 50Hz to 40KHz for transferring
power over a distance of 3cm.Wireless power
transfer can make a remarkable change in the
field of electrical engineering , which
eliminates the usage of conventional copper
cables and current carrying wires. Based on this
concept, the project is developed to transfer the
power within a small range.
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3AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
Block Diagram
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4AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
Hardware Requirements
- 8051 series Microcontroller
- Relay Driver IC
- Relays
- 7 segment display
- Opto-isolators
- Crystal
- LED
- Resistors
- Capacitors
- Diodes
- Transformer
- Voltage Regulator
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5AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
Software Requirements
- Keil compiler
- Languages Embedded C or Assembly
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6AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
HF Transformers
- Electric power transmission over long distances.
- High-voltage direct-current HVDC power
transmission systems. - Large, specially constructed power transformers
are used for electric arc furnaces used in
steelmaking. - Rotating transformers are designed so that one
winding turns while the other remains stationary.
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7AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
HF Transformers
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8AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
HF Transformers
- A common use was the video head system as used in
VHS and Beta video tape players. - These can pass power or radio signals from a
stationary mounting to a rotating mechanism, or
radar antenna.
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9AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
AC Power Flow
- Different lines have different values for R, XL ,
and XC , depending on - Length
- Conductor spacing
- Conductor cross-sectional area
- XC is equally distributed along the line
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10AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
Resistance in AC Circuits
- Resistance (R) is the property of a material that
opposes current flow causing real power or watt
losses due to I2R heating - Line resistance is dependent on
- Conductor material
- Conductor cross-sectional area
- Conductor length
- In a purely resistive circuit, current and
voltage are in phase instantaneous power
equaling the product of the two
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11AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
Wireless Power Transfer
- wireless power involves the transmission of
energy from a transmitter to a receiver via an
oscillating magnetic field. - To achieve this, Direct Current (DC) supplied by
a power source, is converted into high frequency
Alternating Current (AC) by specially designed
electronics built into the transmitter.
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12AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
Wireless Power Transfer
- wireless power involves the transmission of
energy from a transmitter to a receiver via an
oscillating magnetic field. - To achieve this, Direct Current (DC) supplied by
a power source, is converted into high frequency
Alternating Current (AC) by specially designed
electronics built into the transmitter.
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13AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
Applications of Wireless Power Transfer
- Reduce costs associated with maintaining direct
connectors . - Greater convenience for ?the charging of everyday
electronic devices - Safe? power transfer to applications that need to
remain sterile or hermetically sealed - Electronics can be fully enclosed, reducing the
risk of corrosion due to elements such as oxygen
and water.
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14AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
Applications of Wireless Power Transfer
- ?Robust and consistent power delivery to
rotating, highly mobile industrial equipment? - ?Delivers reliable power transfer to mission
critical systems in wet, dirty and moving
environments.
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15AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
Rectifier
- A rectifier is an electrical device composed of
one or more diodes that converts alternating
current (AC) to direct current (DC). - A diode is like a one-way valve that allows an
electrical current to flow in only one direction.
This process is called rectification. - A rectifier can take the shape of several
different physical forms such as solid-state
diodes, vacuum tube diodes, mercury arc valves,
silicon-controlled rectifiers and various other
silicon-based semiconductor switches.
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16AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
Rectifier
- Rectifiers are used in various devices,
including - DC power supplies
- Radio signals or detectors
- A source of power instead of generating current
- As flame rectification to detect the presence of
flame - High-voltage direct current power transmission
systems
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17AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
Rectifier
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18AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
Voltage Regulator
- A voltage regulator generates a fixed output
voltage of a preset magnitude that remains
constant regardless of changes to its input
voltage or load conditions. - There are two types of voltage regulators linear
and switching. - A linear regulator employs an active (BJT or
MOSFET) pass device (series or shunt) controlled
by a high gain differential amplifier.
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19AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
Voltage Regulator
- It compares the output voltage with a precise
reference voltage and adjusts the pass device to
maintain a constant output voltage.
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20AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
Capacitors
- When apply a voltage to a capacitor, a electrical
field is created between the capacitors plates. - Energy provided by a voltage difference is stored
in the electric field. The higher the voltage or
bigger capacitor (higher capacitance), the
stronger the electric field and more energy is
stored inside the capacitor. - Capacitor does however have a limit as to the
amount of energy it can store. - Energy stored in capacitors magnetic field can
be retrieved.
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21AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
Capacitors
- It is clear that a capacitor stores energy in the
form of a electric field created by potential
difference across the capacitor plates.
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22AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
The Coil
- An electromagnetic coil (or simply a "coil") is
formed when a conductor (usually an insulated
solid copper wire) is wound around a core or
form to create an inductor or electromagnet. - Primarily used for transferring energy from one
electrical circuit to another by magnetic
coupling - Common types of Electromagnetic coils Tesla
coil, Barker Coil, Choke coil, Maxwell coil etc. - In our set-up Primary coil- two 9 turns in
parallel 9 cm diameter, Secondary coil- 36
turns, 9 cm diameter
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23AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
Working Principle
- This project can be used for charging batteries
that physically are not possible to be connected
electrically such as pace implanted in human body
that runs on a battery. - The patient is required to be operated every year
to replace the battery. - This project is designed to charge a rechargeable
battery wirelessly for the purpose. - Since charging of the battery is not possible to
be demonstrated, we are providing a DC fan that
runs through wireless power.
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24AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
Working Principle
- This project is built upon using an electronic
circuit that converts AC 230V 50Hz to AC 12V,
High frequency. - The output is fed to a tuned coil forming as
primary of an air-core transformer. The secondary
coil develops a voltage of HF 12volt. - Thus, the transfer of power is done from the
primary (transmitter) to the secondary, which is
separated with a considerable distance (say 3cm).
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25AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
Working Principle
- Therefore, the transfer could be seen as the
primary transmission and the secondary receives
the power to run the load. - Moreover, this technique can be used in number of
applications to charge a mobile phone, iPod,
laptop battery, and propeller clock wirelessly. - And also this kind of charging provides a far
lower risk of electrical shock as it would be
galvanically isolated.
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26AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
Advantages
- Lower Frequency Operation The operating
frequency range is in the kilohertz range. - Low Cost - The entire system is designed with
discrete components that are readily available
of affordable price. - Practical for Short Distance The designed
system is very practical for short distance as
long as the coupling coefficient is optimized.
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27AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
Dis Advantages
- High Power Loss Due its air core design the
flux leakage is very high. This results in a high
power loss and low efficiency. - Non-directionality The current design creates
uniform flux density and isn't very directional - Inefficient for longer distances- The efficiency
drops exponentially with increase in distance.
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28AC Power Transfer Wirelessly by HF
Conclusion
In this PPT we have seen AC Power Transfer
Wirelessly by HF, and its working principle,
advantage and disadvantage along with
applications
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