Full Wave Rectifier Circuit Working and Theory

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Full Wave Rectifier Circuit with Working Theory
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Full Wave Rectifier Circuit with Working Theory
Introduction

• Full wave rectifier is a type of rectifier which
  converts alternating current voltage into
  pulsating direct current voltage during both half
  cycles of applied input voltage. This rectifier
  acts a heart of circuitry which allows the
  sensors to attach to the RCX in either polarity.

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Full Wave Rectifier Circuit with Working Theory
What is Full Wave Rectifier

• A Full Wave Rectifier is a circuit, which
  converts an ac voltage into a pulsating dc
  voltage using both half cycles of the applied ac
  voltage. It uses two diodes of which one conducts
  during one half cycle while the other conducts
  during the other half cycle of the applied ac
  voltage.

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Full Wave Rectifier Circuit with Working Theory
Full Wave Rectifier Output

• The average (DC) output voltage is higher than
  for half wave rectifier.
• The output of the full wave rectifier has much
  less ripple than that of the half wave rectifier
  producing a smoother output waveform.

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Full Wave Rectifier Circuit with Working Theory
Classification of Full Wave Rectifier

• The full wave rectifier can be further divided
  mainly into following types.

1. Center Tapped Full Wave Rectifier.
2. Full Wave Bridge Rectifier

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Full Wave Rectifier Circuit with Working Theory
Center Tapped Full Wave Rectifier

• In the center tapped full wave rectifier two
  diodes were used.
• These are connected to the center tapped
  secondary winding of the transformer.
• The positive terminal of two diodes is connected
  to the two ends of the transformer.
• Center tap divides the total secondary voltage
  into equal parts.
• The centre-tap is usually considered as the
  ground point or the zero voltage reference point.

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Full Wave Rectifier Circuit with Working Theory
Full Wave Bridge Rectifier

• Full wave bridge rectifier four diodes are
  arranged in the form of a bridge.
• This configuration provides same polarity output
  with either polarity.
• The main advantage of this bridge circuit is that
  it does not require a special centre tapped
  transformer.
• The single secondary winding is connected to one
  side of the diode bridge network and the load to
  the other side

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Full Wave Rectifier Circuit with Working Theory
Full Wave Rectifier Theory

• In a full wave rectifier circuit we use two
  diodes, one for each half of the wave.
• A multiple winding transformer is used whose
  secondary winding is split equally into two
  halves with a common center tapped connection.
• Configuration results in each diode conducting in
  turn when its anode terminal is positive with
  respect to the transformer center point C
  produces an output during both half-cycles.
• Full rectifier advantages are flexible compared
  to that of half wave rectifier.

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Full Wave Rectifier Circuit with Working Theory
Full Wave Rectifier Theory
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Full Wave Rectifier Circuit with Working Theory
Full Wave Rectifier Circuit

• The full wave rectifier circuit consists of two
  power diodes connected to a single load
  resistance (RL).
• Each diode taking it in turn to supply current to
  the load resistor.
• When point A of the transformer is positive with
  respect to point A, diode D1 conducts in the
  forward direction.
• When point B is positive in the negative half of
  the cycle with respect to C point.
• The diode D2 conducts in the forward direction
  and the current flowing through resistor R is in
  the same direction for both half-cycles of the
  wave.

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Full Wave Rectifier Circuit with Working Theory
Full Wave Rectifier Circuit

• The output voltage across the resistor R is the
  phasor sum of the two waveforms.
• It is also known as a bi-phase circuit.
• The spaces between each half-wave developed by
  each diode is now being filled in by the other.
• The average DC output voltage across the load
  resistor is now double that of the single
  half-wave rectifier circuit.
• VMAX is the maximum peak value in one half of the
  secondary winding and VRMS is the rms value.

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Full Wave Rectifier Circuit with Working Theory
Working of Full Wave Rectifier

• The peak voltage of the output waveform is the
  same.
• Before the half-wave rectifier provided each half
  of the transformer windings have the same rms
  voltage.
• To obtain a different DC voltage output different
  transformer ratios can be used.
• There is a disadvantage of this type of full wave
  rectifier circuit.
• A larger transformer for a given power output is
  required with two separate but identical
  secondary windings.

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Full Wave Rectifier Circuit with Working Theory
Working of Full Wave Rectifier

• It makes this type of full wave rectifying
  circuit costly compared to the Full Wave Bridge
  Rectifier circuit.

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Full Wave Rectifier Circuit with Working Theory
Working of Full Wave Rectifier

• A circuit that produces the same output waveform
  as the full wave rectifier circuit a is that of
  the Full Wave Bridge Rectifier.
• Single phase rectifier uses four individual
  rectifying diodes connected in a closed loop
  bridge configuration to produce the desired
  output wave.
• The advantage of this bridge circuit is that it
  does not require a special center tapped
  transformer.
• It reduces its size and cost. Single secondary
  winding is connected to one side of the diode
  bridge network and the load to the other side.

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Full Wave Rectifier Circuit with Working Theory
Working of Full Wave Rectifier

• The four diodes labelled D1 to D4 are arranged in
  series pairs with only two diodes conducting
  current during each half cycle duration.
• When the positive half cycle of the supply goes,
  D1, D2 diodes conduct in a series.
• Diodes D3 and D4 are reverse biased and the
  current flows through the load.
• During the negative half cycle, D3 and D4 diodes
  conduct in a series.
• Diodes D1 and D2 switch off as they are now
  reverse biased configuration.

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Full Wave Rectifier Circuit with Working Theory
Working of Full Wave Rectifier

• Current flowing through the load is
  unidirectional mode.
• The voltage developed across the load is also
  unidirectional voltage.
• Same as for the previous two diode full-wave
  rectifier model.
• During each half cycle the current flows through
  two diodes instead of just one diode.
• The amplitude of the output voltage is two
  voltage drops 1.4V less than the input VMAX
  amplitude.
• Ripple frequency is now twice the supply
  frequency.

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Full Wave Rectifier Circuit with Working Theory
Advantages of Full Wave Rectifier

• Ripple frequency is two times the input
  frequency.
• The output and efficiency of centre tap full wave
  rectifier are high because AC supply delivers
  power during both the halves.
• For the same secondary voltage bridge rectifier
  has double output.

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Full Wave Rectifier Circuit with Working Theory
Disadvantages of Full wave Rectifier

• It is difficult to locate the centre tap on the
  secondary winding.
• The DC output is small as each diode utilizes
  only one half of the transformer's secondary
  Voltages.
• The diodes used have high peak inverse voltage.
• Full wave rectifier requires more diodes i.e two
  for centre tap rectifier and four for bridge
  rectifier.
• When a small voltage is required to be rectified
  this full wave rectifier circuit is not suitable.

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Full Wave Rectifier Circuit with Working Theory
Conclusion

• To design and simulate a Full Wave Rectifier
  circuit with working theory and the analysis for
  the full-bridge rectifier circuit. The full-wave
  rectifier allows us to convert almost all the
  incoming AC power to DC.

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