The Present and Future of Hybrid Electric Vehicles - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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The Present and Future of Hybrid Electric Vehicles

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A hybrid vehicle uses two or more distinct types of power, such as internal combustion engine+electric motor,[1] e.g. in diesel-electric trains using diesel engines and electricity from overhead lines, and submarines that use diesels when surfaced and batteries when submerged. Other means to store energy include pressurized fluid, in hydraulic hybrids. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Present and Future of Hybrid Electric Vehicles


1
DRILL OF THE MONTH
  • HYBRID VEHICLES

2
WHAT IS A HYBRID VEHICLE?
  • Any vehicle which combines two or more sources of
    power.
  • Examples
  • Diesel electric
  • Nuclear electric
  • Gasoline - electric

3
HYBRID STRUCTURE
  • The two power sources found in hybrid
  • vehicles may be combined in different
  • ways, either in parallel or series
  • Either one will allow the gasoline engine to shut
    down when it is not needed.

4
PARALLEL HYBRID
  • Gasoline motor
  • Batteries which powers an electric motor
  • Both can power the transmission at the same time
  • Electric motor supplements the gasoline engine

5
SERIES HYBRID
  • Gasoline motor turns a generator
  • Generator may either charge the batteries or
    power an electric motor that drives the
    transmission
  • At low speeds is powered only by the electric
    motor

6
HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
  • Power for the electric motor is supplied by
    high-voltage nickel-metal hydride battery
  • Batteries for all hybrids are produced by
    Panasonic EV Energy in Japan
  • Voltage ranges from 144 volts to 650 volts of DC
    current

7
HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
  • High voltage wiring may color coded orange,
    bright blue or even yellow
  • Batteries vary in design, however, all
    incorporate individual cells connected to one
    another

8
HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
9
BATTERIES
  • Individual cells originally contained liquid
    potassium hydroxide
  • The liquid is almost totally absorbed by the
    paper membranes inside each cell of the battery
  • Because the liquid is absorbed these batteries
    are considered dry cell batteries

10
BATTERIES
11
HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
  • Batteries are usually located in the rear of the
    vehicle under the floor of the trunk or under the
    rear seat.
  • The wiring harness from the batteries usually
    runs below the floorpan of the vehicle about one
    foot in from the drivers side of the vehicle.

12
HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
13
BATTERY RECHARGING
  • The Ni-MH batteries are recharged through a
    process call regenerative braking
  • Regenerative braking takes energy from the
    forward momentum of the vehicle and captures it
    while coasting or braking.
  • Occasionally batteries are recharged by the
    electric motor

14
THE SILENT HYBRID
  • Most gasoline engines in hybrids will shut off
    when not needed i.e. when stopped in traffic
  • Most hybrids have an indicator light which may
    alert individuals to the status of the vehicle

15
THE SILENT HYBRID
  • When the vehicle is in this silent mode it may
    awaken without notice
  • Chocking the wheels is critical to responder
    safety

16
EMERGENCY PROCEDURESFIRES
  • Vehicle fires can be handled following normal
    vehicle firefighting procedures
  • Crews should not be shocked, even if flames are
    impinging on the battery pack itself
  • Virtually all fires involving Ni-MH batteries can
    be controlled with water

17
EMERGENCY PROCEDURESNi MH BATTERY PACK
PHYSICAL DAMAGE
  • High-voltage circuits are color-coded either
    orange, bright blue or yellow
  • Never disassemble or remove the metal cover of
    the high-voltage battery pack
  • DC current is normally isolated from any contact
    with the vehicle itself theoretically in order
    to receive a shock you would have to physically
    contact two separate points within the
    high-voltage system at the same time

18
EMERGENCY PROCEDURESNi MH BATTERY PACK
PHYSICAL DAMAGE
  • If the high-voltage cables running under the
    vehicle were damaged the high-voltage battery is
    designed short circuit.
  • This short circuit would de-energize the entire
    high-voltage battery circuit

19
HYBRID VEHICLES CRASH PROCEDURES
  • Hybrid vehicle identification
  • Vehicle stabilization
  • Access to the passenger compartment
  • Shift gear selector lever (to park)
  • Turn the key OFF and remove it from the
    ignition
  • Check that the ready indicator light is out
  • Disconnect the 12-volt battery.

20
HYBRID VEHICLES OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
  • A rear-end collision would destroy the most
    obvious hybrid vehicle logos
  • Indicator light on the dash would help identify
  • Vented c-pillar on older hybrids
  • Orange wiring under the hood
  • If the high-voltage battery is severely damaged
    it should be considered a hazmat incident
  • This is not true, the total amount of liquid
    originally placed in the batteries is only around
    6 oz. this is almost totally absorbed by the
    paper membranes in the cells

21
HYBRID VEHICLES OTHER CONSIDERATIONSKEYLESS
IGNITION SYSTEMS
22
KEYLESS IGNITION SYSTEMS
  • Convenience of push button start
  • Systems are designed to deter theft and break-ins
  • Utilize key fobs which contain a chip with an ID
    code that the vehicle must recognize
  • The key fob must be in the vehicle in order for
    the car to start

23
KEYLESS IGNITION SYSTEMSWhat do we do in an
emergency?
  • Place the vehicle in Park and press the
    start/stop or power button.
  • If possible remove the key fob from the interior
    of the vehicle this may be difficult since it
    may be in a purse or pants pocket. This will
    prevent the car from being powered up if the low
    voltage system cannot be secured.
  • Disconnect the low voltage battery per department
    policy.

24
COMMON MEANS OF IDENTIFICATION
25
COMMON MEANS OF IDENTIFICATION
26
COMMON MEANS OF IDENTIFICATION
27
WHOS MAKING HYBRIDS NOW?
  • Honda
  • Accord
  • Civic
  • Insight
  • Toyota
  • Prius
  • Camry
  • Highlander
  • Ford
  • Escape
  • Mazda
  • Tribute
  • Saturn
  • Vue
  • Lexus
  • RX 400h SUV
  • GS 450h
  • LS 600h L
  • Mercury
  • Mariner SUV
  • Dodge
  • Ram contractors edition
  • General Motors
  • Silverado and Sierra
  • Malibu
  • Tahoe/Yukon
  • Nissan
  • Altima
  • Versa

28
WHATS IN STORE FOR THE FUTURE?
  • Toyota Sienna minivan
  • Chrysler Aspen
  • Cadillac Escalade
  • Dodge Durango
  • Porsche Cayenne
  • BMW X6
  • Hyundai Accent
  • Mercedes Benz S400

29
SUMMARY
  • Due to the proliferation of hybrid vehicles on
    the road today, responders must be familiar with
    how these vehicles operate, and how to handle an
    emergency which involves one of these vehicles.
  • Additionally, responders must stay up-to-date
    with current vehicle technology, as it is
    continuously changing.
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