Learn How Ventricular septal defect (VSD) diagnosed and treated.

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Ventricular Septal Defect

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Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

• Ventricular septal defect is a hole in the wall
  that separates the right and left ventricles of
  the heart.
• It is one of the most common congenital (present
  from birth) heart defects. It may occur by itself
  or with other congenital diseases.
• The ventricular septum consists of an inferior
  muscular and superior membranous portion and is
  extensively innervated with conducting
  cardiomyocytes.

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Types of Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

• Newborns with ventricular septal defects can have
  one or more holes in the septum.
• Some of the more common ventricular septal defect
  types include
• Cono-ventricular- in which the septal hole occurs
  just below the aortic and pulmonary valves.
• Peri-membranous- a hole in the upper ventricular
  septum.
• Inlet- a hole close to where blood enters the
  heart through the tricuspid and mitral valves
  (this defect might be part of an
  atrio-ventricular septal defect).
• Muscular- the most common ventricular septal
  defect type, characterized by a hole located in
  the muscular, lower ventricular septum.

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Clinical Symptoms of VSD

• Fast breathing
• Sweating
• Pallor
• Very fast heartbeats
• Decreased feeding
• Poor weight gain

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Surgery for VSD

• Intra-Cardiac Approach is the most common
  technique and is done while the patient is under
  cardiopulmonary bypass (a "heart-lung machine")
  and is an open-heart operation. This is the
  procedure of choice for most children and at most
  pediatric surgical centers.
• Trans-Catheter Technique uses surgical
  instruments that are passed through catheters
  placed in the patient's large blood vessels into
  the heart.
• This "trans-catheter approach" is generally more
  difficult and should only be considered on select
  patients and at pediatric centers that have
  expertise in such a procedure.

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