yellow fever

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Yellow fever

• Name- Rajgor Pratap Bhai
• Group-17th Name-Rooparam
  choudharygroup-18th

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Definition

• Yellow fever is an acute viral haemorrhagic
  disease transmitted by infected mosquitoes.
• The "yellow" in the name refers to the jaundice
  that affects some patients.
• The disease is caused by the yellow fever virus
  and is spread by the bite of the female mosquito
• IQ-3-6 day

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Signs and symptoms

• Acute phase - Disappear after 3-4 day
• Fever
• Headache
• chills 
• back pain
• fatigue
• loss of appetite
• muscle pain
• nausea and vomiting(black)

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• 2-toxic phase
• High fever returns and several body systems are
  affected.
• rapidly develops jaundice
• Abdominal pain with vomiting
• Bleeding from mouth, nose, eyes or stomach
• patients enter the toxic phase die within 10 to
  14 days
• It can be confused with severe malaria, dengue
  hemorrhagic fever, viral hepatitis(Hep-BD)

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Transmission

• The yellow fever virus is an arbovirus of the
  flavivirus genus
• Mostly transmited by  Aedes Aegypti
• mosquito is the primary vector (carries one host
  to another)
• Primary monkey humans
  humans

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Cause

• Yellow fever is caused by the yellow fever virus
• RNA virus

Pathogenesis

•   viruses replicate in the lymph nodes and
  infect dendritic cells in particular
• From there, they reach the liver and
  infect hepatocytes
• which leads to eosinophilic degradation of
  these cells and to the release of cytokines
• Necrotic masses known as Councilman bodies
  appear in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes

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Diagnosis

• A direct confirmation can be obtained by reverse
  transcription polymerase chain reaction where the
  genome of the virus is amplified.
• Another direct approach is the isolation of the
  virus and its growth in cell culture using blood
  plasma this can take one to four weeks
• Serologically, an enzyme linked immunosorbent
  assay during the acute phase of the disease using
  specific IgM against yellow fever
• Liver biopsy can verify inflammation and necrosis 
  of hepatocytes and detect viral antigens

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Treatment

• There is no specific treatment for yellow fever,
  only supportive care to treat dehydration,
  respiratory failure and fever.
• Associated bacterial infections can be treated
  with antibiotics.
•  antiviral drugs Ribavirin and other drug
  antivirul

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Prevention and Vaccination

• Personal prevention of yellow fever includes
  vaccination as well as avoidance of mosquito
  bites in areas where yellow fever is endemic
• Vaccination is recommended for those traveling to
  affected areas, because non-native people tend to
  suffer more severe illness when infected.
  Protection begins by the 10th day after vaccine
  administration in 95 of people and lasts for at
  least 10 years. About 81 of people are still
  immune after 30 years.
• people living in affected areas between the ninth
  and 12th month after birth

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• Yf-Vax This vaccine is injected into a muscle.
• The first shot can be given to a child who is at
  least 9 months old
• Yellow fever vaccine is given every 10 years to
  people who are at risk of exposure to yellow
  fever

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Thank you