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Climate Change PPT Dr. Nandita Pathak Chitrakoot Project DRI

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National Seminar on “ Challenges and opportunities for Agricultural crop productivity under climate change” September 21-22 ,2014 JAWAHARLAL NEHRU KRISHI VISHWA VIDYALAYA College of Agriculture Rewa ( M. P. ) – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Climate Change PPT Dr. Nandita Pathak Chitrakoot Project DRI


1
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU KRISHI VISHWA VIDYALAYA College
of Agriculture Rewa ( M. P. ) National Seminar
on Challenges and opportunities for
Agricultural crop productivity under climate
change September 21-22 ,2014
CLIMATE CHANGE
Dr. Nandita Pathak
DEENDAYAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE
2
CLIMATE CHANGE IS THERE ANY ALTERNATIVE ?
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CLIMATE CHANGE
Rise in Temp
Sun
increased level of GHGs- carbon dioxide, methane,
ozone, nitrous oxide chlorofluorocarbon
Extreme events such as droughts floods
Change in Precipitation
7
CO2 (Carbon dioxide), N2O (Nitrous oxide), CH4
(Methane), CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons), H2O
(Water vapors), O3 (Ozone)
The gases that most actively absorb the radiant
heat energy are known as green house gases.
8
Sources of Emission
CO2--- (Carbon dioxide) Fossil fuels
CH4 -- Human activities like Landfills,
Livestock management, Wetlands and rice fields
CFCs Air conditioners, Refrigeration,
Production of plastic foams
N2O Agricultural activities, Biomass burning
and Industrial process.
9
Relative Contribution of GHG to Climate Change
10
Relative contribution of various activities to
the increase of GHGs in the Atmosphere from
different sources
11
IPCC findings showing warming of climate system
  • CO2 atmospheric conc. up from 280 ppm to 379
    ppm(2005)
  • GH emission up by 70 between 1970 -2004
  • Global Mean temp rise 0.74 0 C from 1906-2005
  • Last 11 years (1995-2006, among the 12 warmest
    years since 1850
  • Global sea level rise 1.8 mm/yr during
    1961-2003 faster during 1993-2003( _at_ 3.1 mm/yr)

Projection of future climate change Average
warming 0.2 0 C per decade
12
Even today , developed countries have much higher
per capita emissions and global share of emissions
Country Per capita CO2 emissions( in tonnes) of global share of CO2 emissions
USA 20.6 20.9
UK 9.8 2
Germany 9.8 2.8
Japan 9.9 4.3
Canada 20 2.2
China 3.8 17.3
Brazil 1.8 1.1
India 1.2 4.6
Source HDR 2007
13
Facts and Figures
India having 16 of the worlds population but
only 4.6 of the global CO2 emissions
US having 5 global population release 22 of
CO2 in atmosphere
14
Indias GHG Emission By Sector
15
FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Population explosion
  • Deforestation and loss of biodiversity
  • Pollution
  • Over exploitation of natural resources
  • Industrialization
  • Physical requirements.

16
Already Observed adverse climatic trends in India
Warming of 0.4 0C in temperature over the period
1901 -2000 The glaciers in Himalayas are receding
  • Major projected change by the year 2100
  • Increase in rain fall variations by 15-40
  • Warming more pronounced over land areas with
    maximum increase in North India
  • Warming relatively grater in winter and post
    monsoon seasons
  • Increase in mean annual temperature by 30c to
    6 0C

17
CLIMATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE REGION
Rainfall Pattern
Year Rainfall (mm) Rainy Days (No.)
2000 603.05 28
2001 1201.80 37
2002 776.48 35
2003 1298 49
2004 824.50 35
2005 1003.75 43
2006 748.65 27
2007 635.20 24
2008 751.80 29
2009 784.60 27
2010 953.60 29
18
Areas of Economic Impact
  • Floods and Droughts
  • Decrease in Biodiversity
  • Lower agriculture production
  • Sea level elevation and coastal flooding
  • Fresh water loss
  • Health Related Hazards
  • Lower GDP

19
Glacial Melting
Himalayan glaciers melting _at_15 meter /year. Temp.
increased gt10C. Mount Everest Khumba glacier
decreased 5-7 km since 1953.
20
Gomukh Glacier Melting
The Origin of River Ganga Gangotri glacier is
reducing _at_ rate of 37 meter/Year
21
Water Crisis..
1955 Per capita Availability 5200 cubic meter
2010 Per capita Availability 2200 cubic
meter 2025 Per capita Availability
1500 cubic meter
If the Per capita water availability at global
level is 3.8 litre, then per capita availability
in India will be just 2 drops
22
Sea Level Rise
India would be very susceptible to sea level
rise. It is possible that a meter sea level rise
could displace 7 million people. The cost
involved in building walls to prevent flooding
would cost 107 Crores
23
Impact on GDP
Rise in temperature between 2.5 and 4.90C would
drop the GDP between 1.8 to 3.4 - Jotei K.
Parikh and Kirit Parikh of Indira Gandhi
Institute of Development Research
Health related Impacts
A world Bank report estimates that environmental
degradation costs India around 350 Crore a year
in terms of public health.
24
EFFECT ON INDIAN AGRICULTURE
An increase of 20C in temperature could
decrease rice yield by about 7.5 q/ha and 0.50C
increase in winter temperature would reduce wheat
yield by 4.5 q/ha. Cereal productivity to
decrease by 10 40 by 2100 Sinha
Swaminathan (1991)
Wheat yield could decrease between 28 68
just by rise in winter temperature. Rao
Sinha (1994)
For every one degree rise in temperature,
the decline in rice yield would be 6.
Saseendran et. al., (2000)
  • Increased water, shelter energy
    requirements for livestock.

25
MICRO LEVEL OBSERVATIONS ON EFFECTS OF CLIMATE
CHANGE
  • Crops damaged by frost (particularly
    pigeon pea)
  • Occurrence of dry spells affecting the
    kharif crops
  • The water table in the village has lowered by
    5-6 feet during the decade. Wells in the
    villages dry during summer months . The depth of
    water in bore well more than 250 feet
  • The region is facing terminal drought for the
    last 5 years
  • The Rabi crops in the area are affected by
    sudden rise in temperature during February-
    March

26
Days are not far, when we will be witnessing such
things..
Will any one survive
27
Strategies required for adaptation mitigation
of climate change
28
Natural Resource Management
Soil and water conservation
Rain water harvesting for recycling and ground water recharge Contour trenching on sloppy lands Loose boulder check dams Percolation tanks Farm ponds Earthen embankments and renovation of check dams
29
Technology Intervention-
  • Water saving methods
  • Drip irrigation
  • Sprinkler irrigation
  • Application of life saving irrigation at critical
    growth stages
  • To increase water productivity and water use
    efficiency

30
In-situ moisture conservation through better
agronomy practices
Ridge and furrow (Pegion pea) Broad bed and furrow Sowing Wheat)- Contour farming (Cowpea). Sub merged pitcher and pit depression system of planting for fruit trees and cucurbits
In-situ moisture conservation
Resilience to intermittent dry spell
31
Stubble Mulch Farming in cash crops
Intervention- Palas leaves mulching
32
Soil Fertility Management
Intervention
Household based vermi composting /composting Growing green manuring crop Farm bunding Glyricidia plantation on farm bunds
33
Average Water use (cm) in some important crops in
India
Crop Water Requirement (cm) Water Use Efficiency (Kg/mm) Water Use Efficiency(kg/mm)
Paddy 1000-1200 45 5.00
Sorghum 450-500 45 10.00
Soybean 450-600 14 3.40
Turmeric 500 150 30.00
Urd Moong 300 4.50 1.50
Mustard 250 10 4.00
Wheat 600-650 35 7.00
34
Wastelands Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation of Wastelands through fruit culture
Pit Depression
Wastelands
Rain water harvesting and moisture conservation
submerged pitcher
35
Climate Change- Is it the beginning of the end
The earth is heating.. So
is the environment
Now, it is up to us What we can do
36
Come forward Join hand Save Ecosystem To
sustain ourselves
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