Networks Lab

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CS1359 Networks Laboratory
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• AIM
• To understand the basic concepts of data
  communication, networking and the usage of
  protocols.
• OBJECTIVES
• To study the basic concepts of Data flow,
  Topologies and
• Transmission Media.
• To introduce the protocols.
• To initiate the students about Network Concepts.
• To understand the routing algorithms.
• To enrich the students with the Security
  techniques in
• Networks.

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Syllabus

• LIST OF EXPERIMETS
• 1. PC to PC communication
• Parallel communication using 8-bit parallel
  cable
• Serial communication using RS 232C
• 2. Ethernet LAN protocol
• To create scenario and study the performance
  of CSMA/CD protocol through
• simulation
• 3. Token bus and token ring protocols
• To create scenario and study the performance
  of token bus and token ring
• protocols through simulation
• 4. Wireless LAN protocols
• To create scenario and study the performance
  of network with CSMA / CA
• protocol and compare with CSMA/CD protocols.
• 5. Implementation and study of stop and wait
  protocol
• 6. Implementation and study of Goback-N and
  selective reject protocols
• 7. Implementation of distance vector routing
  algorithm
• 8. Implementation of link state routing algorithm
• 9. Implementation of data encryption and
  decryption
• 10. Transfer of files from PC to PC using Windows
  / UNIX socket programing

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List of Equipments

• LAN trainer Kits
• DCT kits
• Wireless LAN trainer kits
• PCs , accessories (HW/SW) and consumables
• as required .

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Software Requirements

• L-sim software
• N-sim software
• DCT software

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• Data communications are the exchange of data
  between two devices via some form of transmission
  medium such as a wire cable.

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1. PC to PC communication

• Parallel communication using 8-bit parallel cable
• Transmission of information over multiple links
  between two points

PC 2
PC 1
PC 3
PC 4
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DCT TRAINER KIT
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PORT
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PC to PC communication

• Serial communication using RS 232C
• Newer type of serial connections
• Universal Serial Bus (USB)
• IEEE 1394 serial connection that is also known
  as the
• FireWire connection

PC 1
PC 2
PC 3
PC 4
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Procedure
2. TOKEN BUS TOPOLOGY

• Using LAN connecting wire (RJ 45 Cable) the
  entire computer with the LAN trainer kit.
• Ensure all connections are made on BUS topology.
• Run L- Sim software first on the server and then
  on other computers connected with this kit.
• One system acts as the server and other nodes
  acts as clients.
• The I.P address of the clients was displayed on
  the server and the server I.P address are
  displayed on the clients.
• Using the file transfer option in L Sim
  software you can transfer any file to any client
  computers.
• Observe the behaviors of the network.

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BUS TOPOLOGY

•  

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LAN TRAINER KIT
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Procedure
3.Token Ring Topology

• Using LAN connecting wire (RJ 45 Cable) the
  entire computer with the LAN trainer kit.
• Ensure all connections are made on Ring topology.
• Run L- Sim software first on the server and then
  on other computers connected with this kit.
• One system acts as the server and other nodes
  acts as clients.
• The I.P address of the clients was displayed on
  the server and the server I.P address are
  displayed on the clients.
• Using the file transfer option in L Sim
  software you can transfer any file to any client
  computers.
• Remove one client LAN cable from the trainer and
  repeat the above set.
• Observe the behaviors of the network.

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Ring Topology

Computer Terminal - 2
Creating LAN using Ring Topology

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Example Ring Topology
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4. STOP AND WAIT PROTOCOL (STAR TOPOLOGY )

• Procedure
• Using LAN connecting wire (RJ 45 Cable) the
  entire computer with the LAN trainer kit.
• Ensure all connections are made on star topology.
• Run L- Sim software first on the server and then
  on other computers connected with this kit.
• One system acts as the server and other nodes
  acts as clients.
• Set the protocol to stop and Wait in L - Sim
  software. Using the file transfer option in L
  Sim software you can transfer any file to any
  client computers.
• Observe the behaviors of the network.

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11.1 Normal operation
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11.2 Stop-and-Wait ARQ, lost frame
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11.3 Stop-and-Wait ARQ, lost ACK frame
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5.GO BACK N PROTOCOL (
STAR TOPOLOGY)

• Procedure
• Using LAN connecting wire (RJ 45 Cable) the
  entire computer with the LAN trainer kit.
• Switch on the power supply to the LAN trainer
  kit.
• Ensure all connections are made on star topology.
• Run L- Sim software first on the server and then
  on other computers connected with this kit.
• One system acts as the server and other nodes
  acts as clients.
• The I.P address of the clients was displayed on
  the server and the server I.P address are
  displayed on the clients.
• Set the protocol to Go back N in L - Sim
  software. Using the file transfer option in L
  Sim software you can transfer any file to any
  client computers.
• Remove one client LAN cable from the trainer and
  repeat the above set.
• Observe the behaviors of the network.

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11.9 Go-Back-N ARQ, normal operation
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11.10 Go-Back-N ARQ, lost frame
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6. SELECTIVE REPEAT PROTOCOL
( STAR TOPOLOGY)

• Procedure
•  Using LAN connecting wire (RJ 45 Cable) the
  entire computer with the LAN trainer kit.
• Switch on the power supply to the LAN trainer
  kit.
• Ensure all connections are made on star topology.
• Run L- Sim software first on the server and then
  on other computers connected with this kit.
• One system acts as the server and other nodes
  acts as clients.
• The I.P address of the clients was displayed on
  the server and the server I.P address are
  displayed on the clients.
• Set the protocol to selective repeat in L - Sim
  software. Using the file transfer option in L
  Sim software you can transfer any file to any
  client computers.
• Remove one client LAN cable from the trainer and
  repeat the above set.
• Observe the behaviors of the network.

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11.13 Selective Repeat ARQ, lost frame
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7.CSMA / CD Protocol (STAR
TOPOLOGY)

• Carrier-sense multiple access with collision
  detection (CSMA/CD).
• CS carrier sense
• MA multiple access
• CD collision detection
• Transmit packet only if channel is sensed idle
  else, suspend the transmission until channel
  becomes idle.
• If the packet is observed to be undergoing a
  collision, the transmission is aborted and the
  packet is retransmitted after a random interval
  of time using Binary Exponential Backoff
  algorithm.

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Carrier Sense Multiple Accesswith Collision
Detection (CSMA-CD)

• Procedure
• Listen to medium and wait until it is free
• Then start talking, but listen to see if someone
  else starts talking too
• If a collision occurs, stop and then start
  talking after a random back off time
• This scheme is used for hub based Ethernet
• Advantages
• More efficient than basic CSMA
• Disadvantages
• Requires ability to detect collisions

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• 8.CSMA / CA PROTOCOL
• (STAR TOPOLOGY)
• Procedure
• Using LAN connecting wire (RJ 45 Cable) the
  entire computer with the LAN trainer kit.
• Switch on the power supply to the LAN trainer
  kit.
• Ensure all connections are made on star topology.
• Run L- Sim software first on the server and then
  on other computers connected with this kit.
• One system acts as the server and other nodes
  acts as clients.
• The I.P address of the clients was displayed on
  the server and the server I.P address are
  displayed on the clients.
• Set the protocol to CSMA / CA in L - Sim
  software. Using the file transfer option in L
  Sim software you can transfer any file to any
  client computers.
• Remove one client LAN cable from the trainer and
  repeat the above set.
• Observe the behaviors of the network.

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CARRIER SENSE MULTIPLE ACCESSWITH COLLISION
AVOIDANCE (CSMA-CA)

• Procedure
• Similar to CSMA but instead of sending packets
  control frames are exchanged
• RTS request to send
• CTS clear to send
• DATA actual packet
• ACK acknowledgement

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CARRIER SENSE MULTIPLE ACCESSWITH COLLISION
AVOIDANCE (CSMA-CA)

• Advantages
• Small control frames lessen the cost of
  collisions (when data is large)
• RTS CTS provide virtual carrier sense which
  protects against hidden terminal collisions
  (where A cant hear B)

A
B
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9.(WIRELESS LAN ) CSMA / CA protocol 

• Procedure
• Connect the WLAN access point the one computer.
  The access point transmit / receive data to or
  from all computers.
• Switch on the power supply to the WLAN access
  point.
• Connect all the WLAN receiver point to all the
  networked computers through USB port.
• Run L- Sim software first on the server and then
  on other computers connected with this kit.
• One system acts as the server and other nodes
  acts as clients.
• The I.P address of the clients was displayed on
  the server and the server I.P address are
  displayed on the clients.
• Set the protocol to CSMA / CA in L - Sim
  software. Using the file transfer option in L
  Sim software you can transfer any file to any
  client computers.
• Remove one client LAN cable from the trainer and
  repeat the above set.
• Observe the behaviors of the network.

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10.SIMULATION OF TOKEN BUS TOPOLOGY

• Procedure
• Create a subnet for bus topology using subnet in
  N - Sim software.
• Select the topology as Bus set the cable type as
  10 Base T and save the subnet in a name.
• Using connection options add the required number
  of computer and network component.
• Save the created network and open the network
  under Ethernet / fast Ethernet Simulation menu.
• Using the file transfer option transfer any file
  to any client computers.
• Open the same network under TCP Simulation menu.
• Observe the behaviors of the network.

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11.SIMULATION OF TOKEN RING TOPOLOGY

• Procedure
• Create a subnet for bus topology using subnet in
  N - Sim software.
• Select the topology as RING set the cable type as
  10 Base T and save the subnet in a name.
• Using connection options add the required number
  of computer and network component.
• Save the created network and open the network
  under Ethernet / fast Ethernet Simulation menu.
• Using the file transfer option transfer any file
  to any client computers.
• Open the same network under TCP Simulation menu.
• Observe the behaviors of the network.

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12.SIMULATION OF DISTANCE VECTOR ROUTING ALGORITHM

• To simulate distance vector routing algorithm
  and to find the shortest path between any two
  routers using Bellman Ford Algorithm.

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• Procedure 
• Run the N- Sim software and select the Distance
  Vector Routing algorithm form the algorithm menu.
• Add the maximum of 8 routers using add router
  button.
•   Using the configure button , link the router
  and define the cost between them
•  Save the network.
• Using simulation button, select a pair of router
  and find the shortest route between them.
•  Repeat the above steps for different pairs of
  routers and note down the result.
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13.SIMULATION OF LINK STATE ROUTING ALGORITHM

• PROCEDURE
• The algorithm used here is Dijikstras Algorithm.
• Same procedure is followed like the Distance
  vector routing algorithm.

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14.SOCKET PROGRAMMING

• PROCEDURE
• Using RJ 45 cable connects two computers to LAN
  trainer kit.
• Run client TCP program and server TCP program
  in two PCs
• Enter the port address in both the computer and
  using create socket tab create the socket
• Using the listen tab make the server to listen
  for client request.
• Enter the I.P address of the server in the client
  and using the connection tab make a request to
  the server for connection
• Once the connection was established, using send
  file / message option transfer file / message
  between client and server
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15.Data Encryption and Decryption
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