Sex hormones - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Sex hormones

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Title: Sex hormones


1
  • SEX HORMONES

M.PRASAD NAIDU Msc Medical Biochemistry, Ph.D
Research scholar.
2
Introduction
  • Steroid hormones
  • Synthesized in mammals by the ovary, testis,
    A.cortex corpus luteum and placenta
  • The activity of sex hormones controlled by the
    adenohypophyseal hormones.
  • Bcos of this, the sex hormones are, some times
    referred to as 20 sex hormones of the
    adenohypophysis.
  • 3 types are sex hormones are recognized.
  • 1. the estrogens (female / ovarian / follicular
    hormones)
  • 2. the androgens ( male / testicular hormones)
  • 3. the gestogens ( corpus luteal hormones)

3
introduction
  • The sex hormones are concerned with sexual
    processes and the development of 20
    characteristics which differentiate males from
    females
  • The adrenal cortical hormones perform a variety
    of important functions related to cell
    metabolism.
  • Based on the no.of C atoms present in the
    molecule, the steroid hormones may be named as
    C18,C19 or C21 steroids.

4
Ovarian hormones (C18 steroids)
  • Structure-
  • Mammalian ovary contains ovarian follicles and
    corpus lutea.
  • Hormones produced mainly in the follicles are
    known as estrogens.
  • Estrogens are derivatives of C18 hydro carbon,
    estrane.
  • The imp estrogens are
  • 1. ß-estradiol ( C18H24O2)
  • 2. Estriol (C18H24O3)
  • 3. Estrone (C18H22O2)

5
estrogens
  • Estrone is the 1st known member of the sex
    hormones.
  • Isolated from the urine of pregnants.
  • All these are characterized by the absence of a
    CH3 group at C10 and by the aromatic ring A,
    making the OH group phenolic in character.
  • ?-estradiol is the most potent estrogens.
  • Estrone is less potent and estriol is least
    active.
  • Their relative potencies are 5051.
  • Although ovary is the chief source of estrogens,
    they are in smaller amts also produced by the
    testis A.cortex.

6
biosynthesis
  • Estrogen production is highest when a woman is
    young slows down with ? age.
  • Biosynthesis-
  • In non-pregnant females, estrogen is mainly
    synthesized in the ovary.
  • The estrogen(as well as androgen) transported by
    binding to a specific plasma protein called sex
    steroid binding protein.
  • The amt of SBT increases in pregnancy or estrogen
    therapy which results in reduced androgenic
    action.
  • Testosterone, an androgen is the precursor of
    estrogens.

7
metabolism
  • Most of the metabolic reactions of the estrogens
    take place in the liver
  • Estradial - 17ß ? 2-OH-estradiol-17ß ?
    2-methoxyestradiol-17ß ?
    2-methoxyestrone
  • Estrone ? 16a-hydroxyestrone
  • ? ?
  • 2-OHestrone Estriol
  • Estriol is the principal estrogen found in the
    placenta and urine of pregnants.
  • It is produced by hydroxylation of estrone at C16
    and reduction of keto group at C17

8
Synthesis of estrogen
  • Acetate? cholesterol ? pregnenolon? progesteron ?
    testosterone ? estrogen
  • Regulation of Secretion of Estrogen-
  • The secretion of estrogen is regulated by FSH
    released from anterior pituitary.
  • The release of FSH is caused by the gonadotropic
    releasing hormone secreted from hypothalamus.

9
functions
  • Effects on uterus
  • Effects on fallopian tubes
  • Effects on vagina
  • Effect on the breast
  • Effects on 20 sexual characteristics
  • Effects on bones
  • Effects on protein fat metabolism
  • Effects on electrolyte balance

10
THANK YOU
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