Female Reproductive System

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Female Reproductive System
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Ovaries

• Gonad
• Location
• Supporting ligaments
• Ovarian (ovary-uterus)
• Suspensory (ovary-BW)
• Mesovarium (ovary-broad ligament)

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Oogenesis

• Oogonia undergo mitosis in fetus to become
• Primary oocyte undergoes meiosis I partway to
  become
• 2 million primary oocytes at birth
• Secondary oocyte which finishes meiosis I at
  puberty and goes partway through meiosis II
• Ovum
• Haploid, only finishes meiosis II following
  fertilization

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Ovarian Cycle

• Follicle
• Ovum plus surrounding fluid and cells in ovary
• Development Maturation 2 weeks
• Ovulation day 14
• Corpus luteum 2 weeks

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Menopause

• Depletion of follicles

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Hormones

• GnRH Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone, made by
  hypothalamus
• Estrogen Made by follicle cells
• Secondary sex characteristics
• High levels stimulate GnRH release
• Endometrial thickening
• Sex drive

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Hormones

• FSH Follicle Stimulating Hormone
• Development maturation of follicle
• LH Luteinizing Hormone
• Ovulation

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Hormones

• Estrogen Progesterone
• Made by follicle cells AFTER ovulation
• Inhibits GnRH release
• Very thick endometrium formation

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Oviduct Uterine tube Fallopian tube

• Location
• Function
• Infundibulum
• Fimbriae

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Uterus (metr-)

• Cervix
• Broad ligament (uterus BW)
• Perimetrium Serosa
• Myometrium
• Endometrium shed in menses

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Menstrual Cycle

• Endometrium, Menses
• Hormones

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Puberty in female

• Menarche first menstrual cycle
• Physical signs
• Hormones

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Vagina

• Birth canal
• Fornix
• Hymen
• pH

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Vulva External Genitalia

• Mons pubis symphysis pubis region
• Labia majora lateral skin folds
• Labia minora medial mucous membrane folds
• Clitoris erectile tissue at anterior labia
  minora homologous to penis

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Vulva

• Vestibule
• Glands
• Urethral orifice
• Vaginal orifice

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Mammary Glands

• Lobes
• Lobules
• Lactiferous sinus
• Lactiferous ducts

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Lactation

• Prolactin Ant. Pituitary
• Human Placental Lactogen (prepares glands)
• Oxytocin Hypothalamus/Post. Pituitary

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Female Sexual Responses

• Neural pathways similar to male
• No ejaculation
• Pregnancy is possible with or without female
  orgasm