Title: Bottled Water and The Environment
1Bottled Water and The Environment
- Outcomes of Lecture
- You are consumers so you make decisions with your
money. - Bottled water makes a lot of money for big
business. - Manufacturing of plastic bottles uses lots of
water. - Bottled water is environmentally expensive to
distribute. - Free Lunch? - Bottled water dries up springs and
rivers.
2Park RecordPark City, Utah
- Oakley water 'special'By Patrick ParkinsonOf
the Record staff - Saturday, March 20, 2004 - A Park City water
company will soon be bottling water from a spring
in Oakley for sale to exclusive restaurants
nationwide. Robert Sasser, a proprietor of
Wasatch Ice Water Company, said based on carbon
dating, the water is more than 21,000 years old. - "It's a completely protected aquifer, which is
very, very unusual, Sasser said. - Oakley residents often call the water "dinosaur
water or "the springs of eternal life, Sasser
said. - "There's no contaminates of any kind in the
water, he said, adding that the water was
discovered nearly 2,000 feet underground. - Sasser said when marketed commercially, the
Oakley water would be the most expensive water
in the United States. -
- "We just got the well about six years ago,
Woolstenhulme said, adding that the city obtained
water rights from the state to use the well water
last year. The well is near land leased by the
company.
3Bottled Water in U.S.
- Americans shell out more than 10,000 "every
minute of every day" or up to 30 cents for a
glass of bottled water - 1978 Consumption 415 Million Gallons
- 2000s Consumption 5.4 Billion Gallons
- Per capita consumption increased from 10.5
gallons in 1993 to 22.6 gallons in 2003. - Consumer Reports Magazine (2000)
- Water Follies (2002), msnbc (2005)
4Who Drinks Bottled Water?
- 60 Of Americans
- 43 Billion 16 ounce bottles
http//www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2002/402_h2o.html
5Why Drink Bottled Water?
www.toothpastefordinner.com/102002/
drink-bottled-water.gif
6Bottled Water is Big Business
- REVENUES (2003)
- 7.7 Billion in US
- 35 Billion Worldwide
- (Beverage Marketing Corp.)
7Who Are The Players?
- 700 brands are sold in the United States
- Aquafina PepsiCo
- Dasani Coca-Cola
- Deja Blue Dr. Pepper/SevenUp
- Nestle Perrier and 72 brands in 160 countries
- Dannon Visit one of their plants at Mt. Shasta!
8Who Is Perrier?
- Perrier 32 of U.S Market
- Arrowhead
- Calistoga (Spring Mineral)
- Poland Spring
- Ozarka
- Ice Mountain
- Deer Park
- Perrier (Mineral Water)
9Who is Dannon?
- No. 2 worldwide in bottled water
- Evian
- Volvic (Mineral Water)
- Dannon Natural Spring Water (from Mt. Shasta)
- Pure American
- Enon Springs
- Alhambra Junior Sport Drinking Water
- Sparkletts Junior Sport Drinking Water
-
10Who Dominates Market In Oregon?
- Nestle 29
- Crystal Geyser 20
- Pepsi 20
- Coca-Cola 18
- Others EartH20 and other smaller bottlers who
are our neighbors 4 -
11Types of Bottled Water
- Artesian Water/Artesian Well Water - Water from a
well that taps an aquifer in which the water
level stands at some height above the top of the
aquifer. Not as valuable as Spring Water, but may
be the same water. - Drinking Water - Water that is bottled sanitarily
without added sweetners or chemical additives.
Flavors, extracts, or essences may be added. - Mineral Water - Water containing no less than 250
parts per million total dissolved solids. Many
times from a geothermal well or spring. - Purified Water - Water from which all minerals
and any other solids have been removed. May also
be called distilled, deionized, or reverse
osmosis. - Sparkling Water - Water that after treatment and
possible replacement with carbon dioxide. - Spring Water - Water derived from an underground
formation from which water flows naturally to the
surface of the earth. It must be collected only
at the spring or through a bore hole tapping the
underground formation. - Well Water - Water from a hole drilled in the
ground which taps the water of an aquifer.
http//www.soc.duke.edu/s142tm16/glossary.htm
12Sources of Bottled Water
13Premium Sources () Cool Geothermal Springs
Periodic Spring, WY
Thermopolis Hot Springs, WY
14Bottled Water vs. Tap Water
- Bottled water is alot more expensive than tap
water. - Lets go shopping and find out how much it costs
- Corvallis Tap Water 0.03 to 0.05 per gallon
- Brita Filter Pitcher (25.00) and filter (8.00)
the filter alone gets us to 0.10 to 0.12
/gal. - Vending Machine (BYOB) 0.30 to 0.40/gal
- Bulk water (No Fancy Bottle) Treated Portland
Water (0.68/gal) Unknown Spring (0.78/gal) - Bottled Waters Mt. Shasta 2.56/gal to
- Perrier 5.03/gal
- Park City Ice Water 18.00/gal
- About one-fourth of bottled water is treated tap
water. - Aquafina 3.77/gal
- Dasani 3.38/gal
- Retail outlets charge upwards of 50,000 for
shelf space, and make about 50 of the profits.
15Bottled Water Regulations
- Bottled water, unlike tap water provided by a
utility, is considered a food. The U.S. Food and
Drug Administration (FDA) regulates bottled
water. - EPA is responsible for the safety of drinking
water from public water systems through SDWA. - (Joe Gelt, Arroyo, 1996 IBWA, 2003)
16Corvallis Water SDWA
17(No Transcript)
18Corvallis Water SDWA
19Whats In Bottled Water?
- Drink lots of water.
- Tap water is best, but if you must drink
- bottled water, do 60 extra sit-ups per day
because bottled water contains an enzyme that
produces more cellulite to the abdomen.
The Sarcasm Diet (2003)
20Contaminants Found in Bottled Water?
-
- 22 violated enforceable limits.
- 17 violated guidelines.
-
- Some waters exceeded both state limits and state
guidelines, so the total that violated one or the
other was 33 - (NRDC, 1997-1999)
Percentages indicate of waters for which at
least one test found containment. Number of
waters tested 103.
21Is Bottled Water Safer?
- In 1989 the Environmental Policy Institute
concluded that bottled water is not necessarily
any safer than tap waterdue to bacterial growth
in the water. - EPA's Office of Groundwater and Drinking Water,
stresses that although studies are inconclusive
on the issue, bacteria in bottled water doesn't
seem to be a significant problem. (Critical
thinking in action?) - February 1990, benzene, a chemical known to cause
cancer in humans, was detected in bottles of
Perrier at levels that exceeded by four times the
EPA standards for tap water. Perrier recalled
more than 170 million bottles as a result of the
contamination - Perrier incident prompts U.S. General Accounting
Office to charge the FDA with failing to set
"adequate safety standards for chemical
contamination of bottled water."
22March 19, 2004
23Is Bottled Water Safer?
- In 1994, the FDA passed regulations that impose
the same standards on bottled water as the EPA
imposes on tap water. An exception is lead lead
content may not exceed 5 parts per billion in
bottled water, whereas EPA limits lead in tap
water to 15 parts per billion. - Bottled water may help to bypass other potential
problems brought about by the practice of public
water suppliers of adding chlorine to drinking
water to remove bacteria. Although chlorine kills
bacteria effectively, it can react with organic
matter in water to form by-products such as
trihalomethanes which have been linked to bladder
and rectal cancers. Chlorine is not used as a
disinfectant in bottled water.
24Corvallis Water SWDA
25Bottled Water Environmental Problems
- It takes 1,851 gallons of water to refine one
barrel of crude oil. - Twenty-four gallons of water are needed to make
one pound of plastic. - 1.5 million tons of plastic used per year to make
bottles for bottled water. - Thats 24gal/pd X 2000 pd/ton x 1.5 million tons
72 billion gallons of water or 24 times the
quantity of water used by the City of Corvallis
every year to make bottles that are empty. -
- Emily Gersema, Associated Press (2003)
- FAO
26Bottled Water Environmental Problems
- Another look at the situation
- 1.5 million tons of plastic used per year to
make bottles for bottled water. - American Plastics Association indicates that
for - every kilo (2.2 lbs.) of plastic used for PET
bottled water bottles, it takes about 0.6 gallons
of oil. - Thats.
- 1.5 M tons X 2000 lbs/ton X 0.3 gal/lb. X 1
bbl/42gal 21.4 M bbl of oil to make empty PET
bottles
27Bottled Water Environmental Problems
- an immense waste of energy and plastic and
resources if you consider the number of bottles
that are made and transported and disposed of
(NRDC)
- US Consumes Equivalent of 43 Billion 16
ounce Polyester (PET) bottles - Only 16 of bottles get recycled in California,
only 12 in US, yet the bottles can be recycled
20 to 30 times. - Recycling rate has fallen from 54 in 1994 to
19 in 2003 - Water Follies (2002), www.designinsite.dk,
- msnbc, 2005
What about the landfill management problem?
Try flattening a plastic bottle.
28Bottled Water Environmental Solutions
- Bottled water in plastic made from cornstarch
which biodegrades. Sold at Wild Oats stores for
1.79.
29Bottled Water Environmental Problems
- Tap water comes from underground pipes, while
the manufacture, distribution and disposal of
bottled water requires much more energy and
fuel. - How is Bottled Water is distributed?
-
- How are the bottles recycled or thrown away?
- (BBC)
(International Bottled Water Association)
30Bottled Water Environmental Problems
31Bottled Water Environmental Problems
- The French company, Perrier - Vittel, bought the
Buxton mineral water bottling plant in Britain's
Peak District National Park 14 years ago when it
produced half a million bottles a year. -
- Now production is up more than a hundred fold to
55 million. Today they bottle, ship and sell a
quarter of the flow from the Buxton source - and
demand is growing. - BBC (2000)
32Shifting international geography of the bottled
water industry
- In five years, bottled water consumption will be
highest along the Pacific Rim. China is expecting
large growth. Most of our recycled bottles go
there. -
- Canada will continue to close the gap between
them and France in imports. - Mexico also looks to be a place where many plants
might decide to invest. - A decade ago, France was considered at the center
of the industry, but as of 2000 the industry
seems to heading in all directions. -
http//www.soc.duke.edu/s142tm16/concl
ude.htm
Projected Annual Growth in Consumption
http//www.panda.org/downloads/freshwater/bottled_
water.pdf
33Conclusions
- If the use of bottled water continues to increase
at the current rate, the world will be in short
supply in 22 years. - Bottled water isn't worth the price, especially
considering that it must be purchased,
transported, and stored by the consumer. - Canadian Armand-Frappier Institute indicates that
municipalities should advertise the quality of
their water the way bottled water companies do,
because "North American tap water is the best you
can get. (San Francisco is doing this using
Hetch Hetchy Reservoir water)
34Recommendations
- If you must buy bottled water, look for
Purified or Well water in Corvallis because
it is just as pure, if not more pure, as a
Spring Source. - Think about thisOur consumer preferences for
spring water, involve innocent choices made by
individuals, but their cumulative impact has the
potential to devastate springs and rivers - -Robert Glennon
- Recycle your bottles. The plastics industry
really does want your bottle back.
35How much do YOU know about bottled water and
the industry?(Take a true/false quiz to
determine your water wisdom)
1. Nestle, famous for its chocolate products,
owns the famous Perrier Group. 2. France has the
strongest international presence and history in
the bottled water industry. 3. Volvic and Evian
are owned by the same company. 4. Purified
drinking water is actually a special tap
water. 5. The retailers make at least half of the
profits along the supply chain. 6. Buying shelf
space at the grocery store to sell a bottled
water brand is around 50,000. 7. Europeans like
more minerals in their water. 8. How bottled
water is packaged (ie types of bottles) strongly
determines its success. 9. FDA standards on
water are not strictly enforced. 10. Bottled
water labeled Spring Water can come from a
well. 11. Bottled Spring water can impact
springs that discharge to rivers. 12. Tap water
in some cities may have more minerals than
bottled water. 13. China's bottled water market
is expected to grow by 150 in the next five
years. Modified after http//www.soc.duke.edu/
s142tm16/answers.htm
36Thank You For Your Attention