Bottled Water and The Environment

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Bottled Water and The Environment

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Alhambra Junior Sport Drinking Water. Sparkletts Junior Sport Drinking Water ... BBC (2000) Shifting international geography. of the bottled water industry ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Bottled Water and The Environment


1
Bottled Water and The Environment
  • Outcomes of Lecture
  • You are consumers so you make decisions with your
    money.
  • Bottled water makes a lot of money for big
    business.
  • Manufacturing of plastic bottles uses lots of
    water.
  • Bottled water is environmentally expensive to
    distribute.
  • Free Lunch? - Bottled water dries up springs and
    rivers.

2
Park RecordPark City, Utah
  • Oakley water 'special'By Patrick ParkinsonOf
    the Record staff
  • Saturday, March 20, 2004 - A Park City water
    company will soon be bottling water from a spring
    in Oakley for sale to exclusive restaurants
    nationwide. Robert Sasser, a proprietor of
    Wasatch Ice Water Company, said based on carbon
    dating, the water is more than 21,000 years old.
  • "It's a completely protected aquifer, which is
    very, very unusual, Sasser said.
  • Oakley residents often call the water "dinosaur
    water or "the springs of eternal life, Sasser
    said.
  • "There's no contaminates of any kind in the
    water, he said, adding that the water was
    discovered nearly 2,000 feet underground.
  • Sasser said when marketed commercially, the
    Oakley water would be the most expensive water
    in the United States.
  • "We just got the well about six years ago,
    Woolstenhulme said, adding that the city obtained
    water rights from the state to use the well water
    last year. The well is near land leased by the
    company.

3
Bottled Water in U.S.
  • Americans shell out more than 10,000 "every
    minute of every day" or up to 30 cents for a
    glass of bottled water
  • 1978 Consumption 415 Million Gallons
  • 2000s Consumption 5.4 Billion Gallons
  • Per capita consumption increased from 10.5
    gallons in 1993 to 22.6 gallons in 2003.
  • Consumer Reports Magazine (2000)
  • Water Follies (2002), msnbc (2005)

4
Who Drinks Bottled Water?
  • 60 Of Americans
  • 43 Billion 16 ounce bottles

http//www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2002/402_h2o.html
5
Why Drink Bottled Water?
www.toothpastefordinner.com/102002/
drink-bottled-water.gif
6
Bottled Water is Big Business
  • REVENUES (2003)
  • 7.7 Billion in US
  • 35 Billion Worldwide
  • (Beverage Marketing Corp.)

7
Who Are The Players?
  • 700 brands are sold in the United States
  • Aquafina PepsiCo
  • Dasani Coca-Cola
  • Deja Blue Dr. Pepper/SevenUp
  • Nestle Perrier and 72 brands in 160 countries
  • Dannon Visit one of their plants at Mt. Shasta!

8
Who Is Perrier?
  • Perrier 32 of U.S Market
  • Arrowhead
  • Calistoga (Spring Mineral)
  • Poland Spring
  • Ozarka
  • Ice Mountain
  • Deer Park
  • Perrier (Mineral Water)

9
Who is Dannon?
  • No. 2 worldwide in bottled water
  • Evian
  • Volvic (Mineral Water)
  • Dannon Natural Spring Water (from Mt. Shasta)
  • Pure American
  • Enon Springs
  • Alhambra Junior Sport Drinking Water
  • Sparkletts Junior Sport Drinking Water

10
Who Dominates Market In Oregon?
  • Nestle 29
  • Crystal Geyser 20
  • Pepsi 20
  • Coca-Cola 18
  • Others EartH20 and other smaller bottlers who
    are our neighbors 4

11
Types of Bottled Water
  • Artesian Water/Artesian Well Water - Water from a
    well that taps an aquifer in which the water
    level stands at some height above the top of the
    aquifer. Not as valuable as Spring Water, but may
    be the same water.
  • Drinking Water - Water that is bottled sanitarily
    without added sweetners or chemical additives.
    Flavors, extracts, or essences may be added.
  • Mineral Water - Water containing no less than 250
    parts per million total dissolved solids. Many
    times from a geothermal well or spring.
  • Purified Water - Water from which all minerals
    and any other solids have been removed. May also
    be called distilled, deionized, or reverse
    osmosis.
  • Sparkling Water - Water that after treatment and
    possible replacement with carbon dioxide.
  • Spring Water - Water derived from an underground
    formation from which water flows naturally to the
    surface of the earth. It must be collected only
    at the spring or through a bore hole tapping the
    underground formation.
  • Well Water - Water from a hole drilled in the
    ground which taps the water of an aquifer. 

http//www.soc.duke.edu/s142tm16/glossary.htm
12
Sources of Bottled Water
13
Premium Sources () Cool Geothermal Springs
Periodic Spring, WY
Thermopolis Hot Springs, WY
14
Bottled Water vs. Tap Water
  • Bottled water is alot more expensive than tap
    water.
  • Lets go shopping and find out how much it costs
  • Corvallis Tap Water 0.03 to 0.05 per gallon
  • Brita Filter Pitcher (25.00) and filter (8.00)
    the filter alone gets us to 0.10 to 0.12
    /gal.
  • Vending Machine (BYOB) 0.30 to 0.40/gal
  • Bulk water (No Fancy Bottle) Treated Portland
    Water (0.68/gal) Unknown Spring (0.78/gal)
  • Bottled Waters Mt. Shasta 2.56/gal to
  • Perrier 5.03/gal
  • Park City Ice Water 18.00/gal
  • About one-fourth of bottled water is treated tap
    water.
  • Aquafina 3.77/gal
  • Dasani 3.38/gal
  • Retail outlets charge upwards of 50,000 for
    shelf space, and make about 50 of the profits.

15
Bottled Water Regulations
  • Bottled water, unlike tap water provided by a
    utility, is considered a food. The U.S. Food and
    Drug Administration (FDA) regulates bottled
    water.
  • EPA is responsible for the safety of drinking
    water from public water systems through SDWA.
  • (Joe Gelt, Arroyo, 1996 IBWA, 2003)

16
Corvallis Water SDWA
17
(No Transcript)
18
Corvallis Water SDWA
19
Whats In Bottled Water?
  • Drink lots of water.
  • Tap water is best, but if you must drink
  • bottled water, do 60 extra sit-ups per day
    because bottled water contains an enzyme that
    produces more cellulite to the abdomen.

The Sarcasm Diet (2003)
20
Contaminants Found in Bottled Water?
  • 22 violated enforceable limits.
  • 17 violated guidelines.
  • Some waters exceeded both state limits and state
    guidelines, so the total that violated one or the
    other was 33
  • (NRDC, 1997-1999)

Percentages indicate of waters for which at
least one test found containment. Number of
waters tested 103.
21
Is Bottled Water Safer?
  • In 1989 the Environmental Policy Institute
    concluded that bottled water is not necessarily
    any safer than tap waterdue to bacterial growth
    in the water.
  • EPA's Office of Groundwater and Drinking Water,
    stresses that although studies are inconclusive
    on the issue, bacteria in bottled water doesn't
    seem to be a significant problem. (Critical
    thinking in action?)
  • February 1990, benzene, a chemical known to cause
    cancer in humans, was detected in bottles of
    Perrier at levels that exceeded by four times the
    EPA standards for tap water. Perrier recalled
    more than 170 million bottles as a result of the
    contamination
  • Perrier incident prompts U.S. General Accounting
    Office to charge the FDA with failing to set
    "adequate safety standards for chemical
    contamination of bottled water."

22
March 19, 2004
23
Is Bottled Water Safer?
  • In 1994, the FDA passed regulations that impose
    the same standards on bottled water as the EPA
    imposes on tap water. An exception is lead lead
    content may not exceed 5 parts per billion in
    bottled water, whereas EPA limits lead in tap
    water to 15 parts per billion.
  • Bottled water may help to bypass other potential
    problems brought about by the practice of public
    water suppliers of adding chlorine to drinking
    water to remove bacteria. Although chlorine kills
    bacteria effectively, it can react with organic
    matter in water to form by-products such as
    trihalomethanes which have been linked to bladder
    and rectal cancers. Chlorine is not used as a
    disinfectant in bottled water.

24
Corvallis Water SWDA
25
Bottled Water Environmental Problems
  • It takes 1,851 gallons of water to refine one
    barrel of crude oil.
  • Twenty-four gallons of water are needed to make
    one pound of plastic.
  • 1.5 million tons of plastic used per year to make
    bottles for bottled water.
  • Thats 24gal/pd X 2000 pd/ton x 1.5 million tons
    72 billion gallons of water or 24 times the
    quantity of water used by the City of Corvallis
    every year to make bottles that are empty.
  • Emily Gersema, Associated Press (2003)
  • FAO

26
Bottled Water Environmental Problems
  • Another look at the situation
  • 1.5 million tons of plastic used per year to
    make bottles for bottled water.
  • American Plastics Association indicates that
    for
  • every kilo (2.2 lbs.) of plastic used for PET
    bottled water bottles, it takes about 0.6 gallons
    of oil.
  • Thats.
  • 1.5 M tons X 2000 lbs/ton X 0.3 gal/lb. X 1
    bbl/42gal 21.4 M bbl of oil to make empty PET
    bottles

27
Bottled Water Environmental Problems
  • an immense waste of energy and plastic and
    resources if you consider the number of bottles
    that are made and transported and disposed of
    (NRDC)
  • US Consumes Equivalent of 43 Billion 16
    ounce Polyester (PET) bottles
  • Only 16 of bottles get recycled in California,
    only 12 in US, yet the bottles can be recycled
    20 to 30 times.
  • Recycling rate has fallen from 54 in 1994 to
    19 in 2003
  • Water Follies (2002), www.designinsite.dk,
  • msnbc, 2005


What about the landfill management problem?
Try flattening a plastic bottle.
28
Bottled Water Environmental Solutions
  • Bottled water in plastic made from cornstarch
    which biodegrades. Sold at Wild Oats stores for
    1.79.

29
Bottled Water Environmental Problems
  • Tap water comes from underground pipes, while
    the manufacture, distribution and disposal of
    bottled water requires much more energy and
    fuel.
  • How is Bottled Water is distributed?
  • How are the bottles recycled or thrown away?
  • (BBC)

(International Bottled Water Association)
30
Bottled Water Environmental Problems
31
Bottled Water Environmental Problems
  • The French company, Perrier - Vittel, bought the
    Buxton mineral water bottling plant in Britain's
    Peak District National Park 14 years ago when it
    produced half a million bottles a year.
  • Now production is up more than a hundred fold to
    55 million. Today they bottle, ship and sell a
    quarter of the flow from the Buxton source - and
    demand is growing.
  • BBC (2000)

32
Shifting international geography of the bottled
water industry
  • In five years, bottled water consumption will be
    highest along the Pacific Rim. China is expecting
    large growth. Most of our recycled bottles go
    there.
  • Canada will continue to close the gap between
    them and France in imports.
  • Mexico also looks to be a place where many plants
    might decide to invest.
  • A decade ago, France was considered at the center
    of the industry, but as of 2000 the industry
    seems to heading in all directions.


  • http//www.soc.duke.edu/s142tm16/concl
    ude.htm

Projected Annual Growth in Consumption
http//www.panda.org/downloads/freshwater/bottled_
water.pdf
33
Conclusions
  • If the use of bottled water continues to increase
    at the current rate, the world will be in short
    supply in 22 years.
  • Bottled water isn't worth the price, especially
    considering that it must be purchased,
    transported, and stored by the consumer.
  • Canadian Armand-Frappier Institute indicates that
    municipalities should advertise the quality of
    their water the way bottled water companies do,
    because "North American tap water is the best you
    can get. (San Francisco is doing this using
    Hetch Hetchy Reservoir water)

34
Recommendations
  • If you must buy bottled water, look for
    Purified or Well water in Corvallis because
    it is just as pure, if not more pure, as a
    Spring Source.
  • Think about thisOur consumer preferences for
    spring water, involve innocent choices made by
    individuals, but their cumulative impact has the
    potential to devastate springs and rivers
  • -Robert Glennon
  • Recycle your bottles. The plastics industry
    really does want your bottle back.

35
How much do YOU know about bottled water and
the industry?(Take a true/false quiz to
determine your water wisdom)
1. Nestle, famous for its chocolate products,
owns the famous Perrier Group. 2. France has the
strongest international presence and history in
the bottled water industry. 3. Volvic and Evian
are owned by the same company. 4. Purified
drinking water is actually a special tap
water. 5. The retailers make at least half of the
profits along the supply chain. 6. Buying shelf
space at the grocery store to sell a bottled
water brand is around 50,000. 7. Europeans like
more minerals in their water. 8. How bottled
water is packaged (ie types of bottles) strongly
determines its success. 9. FDA standards on
water are not strictly enforced. 10. Bottled
water labeled Spring Water can come from a
well. 11. Bottled Spring water can impact
springs that discharge to rivers. 12. Tap water
in some cities may have more minerals than
bottled water. 13. China's bottled water market
is expected to grow by 150 in the next five
years. Modified after http//www.soc.duke.edu/
s142tm16/answers.htm
36
Thank You For Your Attention
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