Conditions for European defence RTD collaboration

1
Conditions for European defence RTD collaboration

• Mr Stefan Törnqvist
• FOI Swedish Defence Research Agency
• Sweden

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European alphabet soup
3
What is research in terms of defence?

• Research and technology (RT)
• RT activities embedded in development funding
• Demonstrators constitute middle ground
• Does generally not include basic research

4
Political impact of defence RT

• Highly political
• Security, defence, industry, regional, research
  policies
• Still founded on national capabilities
• International dimension increasingly important
• Highly unequal distribution of capabilities in
  Europe
• 97 of defence RD among six nations

5
Strong Customer focus

• Nations are only customer
• Armed forces and/or Government
• Stability
• Longterm plans
• Rights of use ? IPR
• Security of information
• National resources

• Whats RT for?
• Providing advice
• Developing technology for the supplier base
• Creating critical technologies for new
  capabilities
• Over the entire acquisition cycle!

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Partnership with RT suppliers

• Government research institutes
• FOI, Dstl, ONERA
• Other state agencies or laboratories
• VTT, TNO, CEA
• Research foundations
• Fraunhofer

• Partnership with industry
• Integrated project teams
• Long cycles
• Supplier base no longer strictly national
• European Defence Industrial and Technological
  Base (DTIB)
• European Defence Equipment market (EDEM)
• Separate from civil industry

7
RT Programming

• Research programming has so far been
  predominately technology-driven (bottom-up)
• Stronger top-down programming from customer needs
• research programming increasingly starts not
  with scientists, but with men in uniform

Effect
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View on technologies

• Narrower scope of defence specific technologies
• Electronic warfare, energetic materials, NBC
  defence
• Technology insertion increasingly important
• Emerging technologies, some of which may be
  disruptive, e.g. nanotechnology
• Analysis suggests limited duplication on narrow
  technologies
• Close interaction with test and evaluation
  activities
• Aeronautics a special case

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Agreement-based collaboration

• Bilateral agreements
• Memoranda of Understanding
• Multilateral agreements
• WEAG instruments primarily EUROPA MOU
• Aeronautics

Agreements are not always identical to
organisations!
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Multilateralisation of collaboration

• Collaboration primarily bilateral
• E.g. Franco-German collaboration
• Multilateralisation
• WEAG, Letter of Intent, European Defence Agency
• Acceptance of interdependence and trust
• Aeronautics already collaborate multilaterally
• Industry restructuring

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WEAG Project activities

• Since 1991
• Ca 200 RT projects worth ca. 1 G
• Currently ca 70 on-going projects (gt300 M)
• Average yearly funding 70 M per country
• The average project
• ca 3 M
• Lasts three years
• Has 3,5 participating nations

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European Defence Agency

• Agency in support of ESDP in terms of
• Capabilities, armaments, RT and indstrial
  aspects
• Agent for RT strategy, policy, guidance and
  co-ordination
• Will not finance its own RT activities
• Funding remains with nations
• Hence, EU is no new customer but sets capability
  requirements jointly for nations

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Defence RT Strategy (WARRP 04)

• Enhance European capabilities
• Maintain technology-driven perspective
• Identify priority areas for co-operation
• Enhance co-operation
• Build partnerships with industry and research
  providers
• Create strong base for technology and test
  activities
• Improve interaction with other research sectors
• Deliver defence and security capabilities

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WEAG RT Structure
Defence Ministers
NAD
Staff Group Secretariat
Panel III Procedures and Economic matters
Panel I Equipment Programmes
Panel II RT
9. Satellite surveillance
1. Radar RF Systems
SGTF
2. Microelectronics
10. UW Tech naval hydrodyn
3. Materials structures
11. Defence MoS Technology
RTMC
4. Modular avionics
13. NBC Defence
SGMOU
6. Adv info processing
14. Energetic materials
8. Opto-electronic devices
15. Missile UAV Robotics
16. Electrical engineering
CEPAs
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RT in all acquisition phases
Materiel development
Exploration
Focus
Early development
Analyses, Technical development, research,
demonstrators, studies
Demonstrators Common concept studies
Advanced key technology development