UNDERSTANDING CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR

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UNDERSTANDING CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR

• REVISION
• G Melville 2009

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EXAM INFO

• TWO HOURS
• TWO QUESTIONS
• 5 AREAS- ALL RELATING TO CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR
• 1 DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
• 2 CYBERCRIMINAL
• 3 VIOLENT AND AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOUR
• 4 GANG MEMBERSHIP
• 5 FOOTBALL HOOLIGANS

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Answering exam questions

• READ INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY
• WORK OUT HOW MUCH TIME YOU NEED TO ANSWER
  QUESTIONS
• ESSAY PLANS ARE A GOOD IDEA.
• WRITE NEATLY!!
• ANSWER THE QUESTION DO NOT SIMPLY TELL ME ALL
  YOU KNOW ABOUT THE SUBJECT
• ATTEMPT THE QUESTION YOU ARE MOST CONFIDENT WITH
  FIRST- IT WILL BUILD CONFIDENCE
• EXAM QUESTIONS ARE THE SAME AS ANY OTHER- INTRO-
  MAIN - CONCLUSION

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CYBERCRIME

• DEFINITION
• PROLIFERATION OF INTERNET
• TYPES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CYBERCRIMINAL-
  HACKERS, CYBER TERRORISTS, PAEDOPHILES ETC
• SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CYBERCRIME
  AND CONVENTIONAL CRIME
• THEORY- RELATIVELY NEW AREA SO CONVENTIONAL CRIME
  APPLIED TO CYBERCRIME EG SUTHERLAND, HIRSCHI
• DONN PARKER INTENSE PERSONAL PROBLEMS
  (EXAGGERATION, STEAL, PERSISTENT)
• LEADS TO DIFFERENTIAL ASSOCIATION OR ROBIN HOOD
  SYNDROME
• HACKER SUBCULTURE PAUL TAYLOR
• SECRECY
• ANONYMITY
• BELONGING
• Swl -Jewkes (2007) Wall (2001) Wall (2007)

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VIOLENCE/AGGRESSION

• GENERAL- THEORY RUNS THROUGH THE MODULE
• DEFINITION
• TYPES- D/V CHILD ABUSE, GBH ETC
• UNDERSTANDING OF THE THREE MAIN AREAS BIO, SOC,
  PSYCH (NB. OFTEN AREAS OVERLAP)
• SOC
• IMPORTANT SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY- DIFFERENTIAL
  ASSOCIATION- FAMILY DISCIPLINE- BANDURA,
  SUTHERLAND ETC
• BIO-
• LYALL WATSON EVIL GENE
• LOMBROSO- ATIVISM AND THE ROLE OF EVOLUTION
• LORENZ INSTINCT
• JACOBS CHROMOSOMES
• PSYCHOLOGY- FREUD THE DEATH INSTICNT/EYSENCK
  PERSONALITY
• DEEPER UNDERSTANDING MIGHT LOOK AT VARIOUS
  FEMINIST THEORISTS- MALE AGGRESSION IS ALLOWED!
• ALL GENERAL CRIMINOLGY TEXTS BUT SEE MARSH ET AL
  2006 AND ANNE CAMPBELL (1991)

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FOOTBALL HOOLIGANISM

• BREIFLY DISCUSS THE PREVALENCE /EXTENT OF
  FOOTBALL HOOLIGANISM
• UNDERSTANDING AGGRESIVE BEHAVIOUR SO RELATE BACK
  TO VIOLENCE/AGGRESSION
• HOWEVER DIFFERENT AS GROUP BEHAVIOUR
• IDENTITY- SEE MURPHY FINN AND SUBCULTURAL NORMS
• DUNNING, MURPHY, WILLIAMS- LEICESTER Uni centre
  for football hooliganism
• TERRITORIAL
• NATIONALISM
• MEDIA AMPLIFICATION- SEE STAN COHEN
• FOR A DEEPER UNDERSTANDING SEE HOOLIGANISM ON THE
  INTERNET
• IN SWL- ERIC DUNNING (2002) (1992)MARSH (2005)

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GANG MEMBERSHIP RELATE TO MALE OR FEMALE GANGS

• DEFINITION
• TYPES
• STATISTICS (INCREASE?)
• CLASSIC STUDIES-RECENT DEBATE
• THE ROLE OF ENVIRONMENT (especially class and
  poverty) CHIGACO SCHOOL, MERTON, SUTHERLAND,
  CLOWARD AND OHLIN, HIRSCHI
• MORE RECENT SUDIES- KLEIN(2006) DOWDNEY (2005)
• SOCIAL DISORGANISATION
• ANOMIE
• DIFFERENTIAL ASSOCIATION
• SUBCULTURAL THEORY
• SOCIAL CONTROL
• UNDERCLASS
• PUSHES AND PULLS
• GIRL GANGS ROLE OF LIBERATION, CONTROL- see
  feminist explanations of crime.

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Domestic Violence two questions either / or

• question1
• Explaining the existence of DV- need to access
  the most up to date stats
• definition
• Criminological theory
• Macro- patriarchal society allows the
  continuance. Social construction of masculinity
• Social learning theory- cycle of violence,
  corporal punishment
• Victim culpability, victim pronesss
• Agency response- see police/ laws etc that may
  allow DV to thrive
• Victim response- eg not reporting dropping case
  etc

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DV Perpetrator programmes

• Role of perpetrator programmes
• Still need to refer to statistics and definitions
• Description of perpetrator programmes in the UK-
  Hester and Westmarland and in the US
• Role of the perpetrator and the victim
• Evaluation of programmes