NEUROPHYSIOLOGY

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NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
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Anion and Cation distribution
K 4mEq/l
K 155 mEq/l
Fixed Anions
Na 12 mEq/l
Na 145 mEq/l
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Resting Membrane Potential
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Resting Membrane Potential

• Na/K Pump
• Differential permeability
• K Diffusion
• Na diffusion

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Local potential
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Action Potential
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Action Potential

• Depolarization to threshold
• Voltage regulated gates
• Repolarization
• Na/K pump
• All or none

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Nerve Impulse
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Saltatory Conduction
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Saltatory Conduction

• Myelin
• Speed
• Temperature
• Size
• Efficiency
• Newborns

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Synapses

• Presynaptic Neuron
• Postsynaptic Neuron

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Chemical Synapse

• Synaptic cleft
• Synaptic delay - .5-1 msec

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Neurotransmitters

• Synaptic vesicles
• Receptors
• Fate of
• Acetylcholine
• Acetylcholinesterase

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Neurotransmitters

• Norephinephrine
• Epinephrine
• Dopamine
• Catecholamines
• Serotonin
• Amino acids, hormones

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Neuromodulators

• Enkephalins
• Endorphins

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Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential
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EPSP

• Temporal Summation
• Spatial Summation

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Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential
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IPSP

• Hyperpolarization

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Receptors
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Receptors

• Dendrite Very specific receptor
• Stimulus
• Graded
• How can we determine the stimulus intensity?
• Adaptation
• Which sensation does not adapt?

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Effectors
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Effectors

• Neuromuscular junction
• End-plate potential