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Cascading Style Sheets

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Cascading Style Sheets. Patrick Lang. Ammar Rahman. Scott Schwartz. Ashley Trexler. What do they do? ... HTML was intended as just a structural markup language ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Cascading Style Sheets


1
Cascading Style Sheets
  • Patrick Lang
  • Ammar Rahman
  • Scott Schwartz
  • Ashley Trexler

2
What do they do?
  • Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) are a way to
    separate the presentation from the structure of a
    web site.
  • HTML was intended as just a  structural markup
    language and doesnt do a good job with the style
    of the page.
  • The purpose of a CSS is to provide Web developers
    with a standard way to define, apply and manage
    sets of style characteristics.
  • Font
  • Color
  • Size
  • Background
  • Margin indent
  • Etc.

3
How do they work?
  • All you do is write a style, the way you want
    something on your page to look, in the style
    section of the Head. Give it a name, then using
    or surround the text in your body
    that you want to be that style.

4
Cascading
  • The "cascading" in Cascading Style Sheets refers
    to how property values are applied in the context
    of the parent/child hierarchy of the Web
    document.
  • Child elements either inherit or override
    property values bound to their parent elements

5
Style Sheet
  • A style sheet is the encapsulation of style rules
    in a centralized location, either in the head
    section of the HTML document or in a separate
    linked file. The Web browser reads these styles
    and applies the specified formatting rules before
    displaying the content.

6
Style Property
  • If a value for a style property has not been
    specified for a child element but has been
    specified for its parent element, then the
    parent's value is used to display the element
  • if the child element does specify a new value for
    a style property also specified by the parent,
    the browser uses the child's value to display the
    element.

7
Example
  • body
  • font-family Verdana
  • In the absence of any other instructions, the
    browser will display all textual elements using
    the Verdana font.

8
Separating Style from Content
  • What does CSS offer over pure HTML that would
    compensate for the additional complexity of using
    both?
  • The primary benefit is the separation of style
    and content
  • Does add some enhanced formatting and positioning
    features

9
Separating Style from Content
  • Empowers developers to create, use, and maintain
    standardized presentation rules without touching
    the content
  • Separating style from content also makes code
    maintenance and reuse easier
  • Can easily apply standard, professionally
    developed styles to newly published content
  • No need for markup or formatting languages

10
CSS Standards and Versions
  • While the major browser vendorsMicrosoft and
    Netscapeeach offer implementations of CSS in
    their Web browser software, early implementations
    of CSS by these browsers have been generally
    incomplete, incompatible with one another, and
    buggy.
  • W3C released the recommendation for CSS Level 1
  • describes the foundation of the CSS language and
    syntax, and includes basic formatting
    functionality

11
CSS Standards and Versions
  • The current W3C standard is the recommendation
    for CSS Level 2
  • CSS2 builds upon CSS1, adding support for style
    sheets that target particular mediums (such as
    printers), downloadable fonts, positioning, and
    tables
  • CSS3 is currently under development by the W3C
    and attempts to formalize these extensions in a
    standard that captures common industry practice.

12
Future Trends
  • Contribute 3
  • Contribute 3 is a significant evolution of the
    product, delivering substantial performance
    improvements, support for current Web-design
    techniques such as layouts based on Cascading
    Style Sheets (CSS)
  • straightforward Web-page editor designed for
    maintaining existing Web sites

13
Future Trends
  • It enables users who don't necessarily build Web
    sites-administrative assistants, instructors, or
    marketing teams-to edit pages and add pages to an
    existing Web site, without any assistance from
    the Webmaster
  • Offers Better Performance
  • Contribute 3 retrieves and publishes pages
    significantly faster by caching many of the files
    that Contribute 2 transferred via FTP
  • Cost is 50 more then Contribute 2

14
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