MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT

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Role Functions of
Ministry of Rural
Development
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Mission of the Ministry of Rural Development

• Development of rural areas and improving the
  quality of life with special emphasis on
  rural poor.
• Alleviation of Poverty through anti- poverty
  programmes.

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I. Central Government
ROLE OF THE GOVERNMENT IN POVERTY ALLEVIATION

• Policy and programme formulation in consultation
  with State Govts.
• Allocation of funds and release of central share
  to states/ DRDAs /PRIs/ other implementing
  Agencies.
• Monitoring and Evaluation of Programmes at the
  National level.

II. State Government

• Implementation of Rural Development
  programmes through DRDAs
• and other implementing agencies.
• Release of State share of funds to Panchayats,
  DRDAs other
• implementing agencies
• Monitoring and Evaluation of Programmes at
  the State level.
• III. Local self-Government (Panchayati Raj
  Institutions)
• Planning at the grass-root level
• Mobilisation of resources at the local level
  
• Implementation of Programmes
• Maintenance of Accounts/Records of grants
  received from the
• Central and State Governments
• Monitoring of the programmes

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MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT

• 1999- The Ministry was renamed as Ministry of
  Rural Development with the following three
  departments -
• Department of Rural Development,
• Department of Land Resources, and
• Department of Drinking Water Supply.

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Proposed

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POVERTY LINE

• PLANNING COMMISSION DEFINED (1973-74) POVERTY
  LINE ON THE BASIS OF MINIMUM CALORIE INTAKE
• 2400 FOR RURAL AREAS
• 2100 FOR URBAN AREAS
• The consumption basket includes non-food items
  also
• Translated into per capita monthly expenditure it
  works out to
• RS. 49 FOR RURAL AREAS
• Rs. 57 FOR URBAN AREAS AT 1973-74 PRICES
• Common deflator is used for estimating the
  incidence of
• poverty.

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POVERTY LINE

• The All India Poverty line for rural areas is
  Rs. 327.68 per capita per month at 1999-2000
  prices.
• Urban Poverty line Rs. 454.11 per capita per
  month at 1999-2000 prices.
• State Specific rural poverty lines (for major
  States)
• Kerala Rs. 374.79
  (Max.)
• Himachal Pradesh Rs. 367.45
• Assam Rs. 365.43
• Uttar Pradesh Rs. 336.88
• Tamil Nadu Rs. 307.64
• Andhra Pradesh Rs. 262.94 (Min.)

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Proportion of Rural Poor ()

• State/UTs 1993-94
  1999-2000
• Bihar 58.21 44.30
• Orissa 49.72 48.01
• Assam/NE States 45.01 40.04
• U. P. 42.28 31.22
• West Bengal 40.80 31.85
• M. P. 40.64 37.06
• Maharashtra 37.93 23.72
• Tamil Nadu 32.48 20.55
• Karnataka 29.88 17.38
• Rajasthan 29.46 13.74
• Haryana 28.02
  8.27
• Kerala 25.75 9.38
• Gujarat 22.18
  13.17
• Andhra Pradesh 15.92 11.02
• Punjab 11.95
  6.35
• All States/UTs 37.27 27.09
  

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Rural Poverty Levels (1993-94)
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Present Scenario

• Poverty Ratio for rural areas reduced from 37.27
  in 1993-94 to 27.09 in 1999-2000.
• Absolute number of poor in rural areas decreased
  from 244 million in 1993-94 to 193.2 million in
  1999-2000.
• Though in percentage terms the poverty ratio in
  rural areas reduced by 10.18 points, the absolute
  number of poor in rural areas is still large.
• SOURCE Planning Commission

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Criteria of Allocation of Funds

• The funds are shared between the Centre and
  States in the ratio of 7525.
• Funds allocated to the States/UTs on the basis of
  proportion of rural poor in a State/UT to the
  total rural poor in the country.
• (as per estimates prepared by the Planning
  Commission on the basis of results of NSSO
  Survey)
• For IAY Housing shortage is also taken in to
  account.
• Funds allocation is based on adjusted formula
  (1993-94) ratio.

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Programmes of the Ministry

• Department of Rural Development
• Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY)
• Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY)
• Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)
• Rural Housing (RH)
• DRDA Administration
• Empowerment of Panchayati Raj Institutions

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Department of Land Resources

• Drought Prone Area Programme (DPAP)
• Desert Development Programme (DDP)
• Integrated Wasteland Development Programme (IWDP)
  
• Hariyali
• Rand Reforms
• Resettlement Rehabilitation (R R) Policy

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Department of Drinking Water Supply

• Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme (ARWSP)
• Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC)
• Swajaldhara

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Implementing Agencies

• The Programmes of the Ministry are implemented
  through
• District Rural Development Agencies/Zila
  Panchayats
• Panchayati Raj Institutions
• Line Departments of the State Governments
• Non-Government Organisations

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SWARNJAYANTI GRAM SWAROZGAR YOJANA (SGSY)

• OBJECTIVE
• To bring the assisted poor families
  (Swarozgaris) above the poverty line by providing
  them income generating-assets through a mix of
  bank credit and subsidy.
• It gives emphasis on Group approach, selection
  of key activities/clusters, development of
  infrastructure, capacity building and technology
  transfer.

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MAIN FEATURES OF THE SGSY

• Mobilize the rural poor into Self-Help Groups
  (SHGs).
• Assist BPL families.
• Encourage Thrift and Credit activity in Groups.
• Train and develop skills of Swarozgaris.
• Provide income generating assets through a mix of
  bank credit and Government subsidy.

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MAIN FEATURES OF THE SGSY

• Identify key activities and develop Activity
  Clusters.
• Establish Market linkages.
• Infrastructure support 20 funds are provided
  for development of infrastructure.
• 15 funds are kept for taking up special
  projects.
• Convergence of Social sector and RD Programmes on
  SHGs.

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Sampoorna Gramin Rozgar Yojana (SGRY)

• OBJECTIVE
• To provide additional wage employment in the
  rural areas as also food security, creation of
  durable community, social and economic assets and
  infrastructure development. The Scheme is
  available for all the rural poor who are willing
  to take up manual/unskilled work in and around
  his or her village or habitation.

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MAIN FEATURES OF THE SGRY

• Formula based allocation of funds to the
  States and all the three tiers of PRIs
• Share of resources of all the three tiers of
  Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs)
• Gram Panchayat -50
• Intermediate Panchayat -30
• District Panchayat - 20

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MAIN FEATURES OF THE SGRY

• Each Gram Panchayat gets a minimum of Rs.25,000
  foodgrains of equivalent amount.
• Cash component is shared between the Centre and
  the States in the ratio of 7525.
• Foodgrains is provided free of cost by Centre.
• 15 funds earmarked for maintenance of assets
  created.
• 22.5 funds are earmarked for individual
  beneficiary scheme for SC/STs.
• 50 of the funds are earmarked for infrastructure
  development in the SC/STs habitations.

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Rural Housing Indira Awaas Yojana
Objective To assist the beneficiaries by way of
subsidy so that they can build their own
dwelling units. Preference is given to
SCs/STs/freed bonded labourers and people below
poverty line. Under Indira Awaas Yojana 80 new
houses and 20 upgradation of unserviceable
houses. The housing shortage is estimated at
14.9 million dwelling units and every year 1
million is added to this number.
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MAIN FEATURES OF IAY

• Target Group- BPL household
• SC/ST 60
• Non-SC/ST 40
• Allotment in the name of wife or in joint name of
  wife and husband.
• Stress on use of local materials.
• Since 1.4.2004 the ceiling of assistance to be
  Rs.25,000 in plain and Rs.27,500 in hilly and
  difficult areas.
• At present, about 14 to 15 lakh houses are
  constructed within the given resources.

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PRADHAN MANTRI GRAM SADAK YOJANA (PMGSY)
Objective To provide Road Connectivity, through
good All-weather roads, to all unconnected Rural
Habitations with a population of more than 500
persons by the year 2007 (end of Tenth Plan
period). In case of Hilly, Desert and Tribal
areas unconnected habitations with population
upto 250 is to be covered.
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PRADHAN MANTRI GRAM SADAK YOJANA (PMGSY)

• Providing new connectivity to unconnected
  habitations with a population of 500 by 2007.
• For Hilly, Desert and Tribal areas unconnected
  habitations with population of 250 also to be
  covered.
• Block/District-wise Core Network of existing and
  proposed roads to be basis for road works under
  PMGSY.
• PRIs involved in Core Network preparation and
  formulation of annual proposals.
• 5 years maintenance contract, funded by State
  Government.

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EMPOWERMENT OF PANCHAYATI RAJ

• The 73rd Constitution Amendment Act, 1992 which
  came into force with effect from 24th April, 1993
  lays the foundation of strong and vibrant
  Panchayati Raj Institutions in the country.

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EMPOWERMENT OF PANCHAYATI RAJ

• OBJECTIVES
• To persuade the States/UTs to devolve development
  functions, administrative financial powers on
  PRs.
• To strengthen Gram Sabha village Panchayats in
  order to increase the participation of the poor
  in poverty alleviation programmes
• To establish panchayat as vibrant effective
  institutions of local self-government.
• Training and capacity building of elected
  representatives of PIRs is a priority agenda.

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TRAINING

• Development of human resource for rural
  development sector.
• National Institute of Rural Development (NIRD) is
  the apex institution for training at national
  level.
• 25 State Institutes of Rural Development (SIRDs)
• 87 Extension Training Centres (ETCs)

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NIRD

• The National Institute of Rural Development
  (NIRD) an autonomous organisation under Ministry
  of Rural Development with H.Q. at Hyderabad and
  Regional Centre at Guwahati.
• NIRD conducts Training Programmes for rural
  development functionaries including elected
  representatives of PRIs, organizes Conferences,
  Seminars and Workshops.
• Undertakes research, action research and
  consultancy in the field of rural development.

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CAPART

• It is a registered society under the aegis of the
  Ministry of Rural Development
• Objectives
• To encourage, promote and assist voluntary action
  in the implementation of projects
• To strengthen and promote voluntary efforts in
  rural development
• To promote, plan, undertake, develop and support
  projects / scheme.
• To act as a catalyst for development of
  technology appropriate for the rural areas

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DEPARTMENT OF LAND RESOURCESINTEGRATED
WASTELANDS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (IWDP)

• Objectives
• To start pilot projects in the States aimed at
  integrated land management and wastelands
  development based on village/micro wasteland
  plans.
• To provide rural employment besides enhancing the
  content of peoples participation in the
  wastelands development programme at all stages,
  which is ensured by providing modalities for
  equitable and sustainable sharing of benefits and
  usufructs arising from such projects.

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DROUGHT PRONE AREAS PROGRAMME(DPAP)

• Objectives
• To promote the economic development of the
  village community through optimum utilisation of
  natural resources that will mitigate the adverse
  effects of drought and improvement of the
  socio-economic condition of the resource poor.

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DESERT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (DDP)

• Objectives
• To promote the economic development of the
  village community through optimum utilization of
  natural resources that will prevent further
  ecological degradation and desertification and
  encourage restoration of ecological balance.
• To implement development works through watershed
  approach.

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HARIYALI

• To involve village communities in the
  implementation of watershed programme projects
  under all the area development programmes (IWDP,
  DPAP DDP), the guidelines for Watershed
  Development were adopted w.e.f. 1.4.95 and
  subsequently revised in August 2001. To further
  simplify procedures and involve the PRIs more
  meaningfully in planning, implementation and
  management of economic development activities in
  rural areas, the new guidelines for Hariyali were
  issued.

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LAND REFORMS

• OBJECTIVES
• ABOLITION OF INTERMEDIARY TENURES
• TENANCY REFORMS
• DISTRIBUTION OF SURPLUS LAND
• RESTORATION OF TRIBAL LAND
• CONSOLIDATION OF AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS
• UPDATING AND MAINTENANCE OF LAND RECORDS

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MONITORING

• Objective
• To monitor implementation of all programmes of
  the Ministry
• To evaluate their impact, and suggest corrections
  in the policies / implementation
• To conduct research / impact studies through
  independent Institutes
• Development of Management Information System and
  Data Bank

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Mechanisms of monitoring

• Review by Union Ministers with Chief Ministers
  and other State Ministers concerned with the
  programmes of the Ministry.
• Performance Review Committee
• Area Officers Scheme
• Vigilance and Monitoring Committees

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Mechanisms of monitoring (Contd.)

• Periodical Progress Reports
• District Level Monitoring
• Concurrent and Quick Evaluation Studies
• Impact Assessment Studies
• National Level Monitors

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BPL CENSUS (2002)

• Estimation of BPL Households is the
  responsibility of the Planning Commission.
• The actual identification of families for
  targeting them under rural development programmes
  is done by the Ministry through BPL Census.
• BPL Census done in 1992 1997 (for 8th 9th
  Plan).

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BPL CENSUS (2002)

• The new methodology for BPL Census, 2002
  takes into account the problems of measurement of
  income and expenditure.
• Certain socio-economic indicators are being
  used to rank the households and their
  categorization into poor and non-poor.
• Gram Sabha is involved in finalizing BPL list.
• Relative Deprivation is Captured.

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BPL Census 2002

• Indicators
• Size of operational holding of land
• Type of House
• Average availability of normal wear clothing
• Food Security
• Sanitation
• Ownership of consumer durables
• Literacy Status of the highest literate adult
• Status of the Household Labour Force
• Means of Livelihood
• Status of Children
• Type of indebtedness
• Reason for migration from household
• Preference for assistance

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BPL Census 2002

• BPL Census 2002 has been completed.
• Results are not finalised due to direction of the
  Honble Supreme Court. However, in view of the
  advice given by the Addl. Solicitor of India all
  the States/UTs have been asked to complete the
  spadework and prepare the BPL list.

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THANK YOU