Title: Distractor Analysis This report shows how every student in the scope of the criteria responded to ev
1Distractor AnalysisThis report shows how every
student in the scope of the criteria responded to
every question on the test and whether or not
their response was correct. A yellow square
displayed would indicate that the student skip
that question. This report is particularly
helpful in determining which students need
remediation in a particular area. It will also
alert you to common misconceptions the class may
have.
- This report can be printed or sent to Excel for
further data manipulation using these buttons. - Checking or un-checking these boxes turns on and
off the green color for the correct responses and
the red color for the incorrect responses. This
is particularly helpful when printing to a BW
laser printer. - 3. By clicking on the question number
hyperlink you can see the question the student
saw on the test. - The Criteria Box recaps the title of the report
and criteria you chose to build the report. It
also displays the high and low score, the Median
score and the Mean. - By clicking in the grey box at the top of each
column, you can sort the contents of the column
from highest to lowest or lowest to highest. - Each student in the scope of the reports criteria
is displayed down the left-hand side of the
table. - Each AYP sub-group tracked by your Student
Information System and sent to Thinkgate will be
displayed at the bottom of this report. Clicking
the link narrows the students displayed in the
report to just those in that category.
2Standard AnalysisThis report shows each
standard on the test and the percentage of
correct responses to questions written against
those standards. This report allows teachers to
identify which concepts their students are
struggling with the most. In a Pre-test or
Benchmark 1 scenario this information is vital in
helping to prepare a teachers lesson plans, as
it will quickly tell you where to spend your
valuable instruction time.
- This report can be printed or sent to Excel for
further data manipulation using these buttons. - The Criteria Box recaps the title of the report
and criteria you chose to build the report. It
also displays the high and low score, the Median
score and the Mean. - Clicking on the Standard name hyperlink will
display the standard and provide access to the
resources attached. - Each bar represents the percentage of correct
responses to the questions written against that
standard. - Here is displayed all of the question numbers
that were written against that standard. By
clicking on the question number hyperlink you can
see the question the student saw on the test. - By clicking in the grey box at the top of each
column, you can sort the contents of the column
from highest to lowest or lowest to highest.
3Progress Report for ClassesThis report compares
the results of two or more tests and displays
those results for each of the classes in the
scope of the criteria selected. Administrators
can quickly determine the gains in standards
mastery for each class. The legends Performance
Level Key and Performance Level Distribution can
help determine what percentage of students met
expectations and what percentage did not.
- This report can be printed or sent to Excel for
further data manipulation using these buttons. - The Criteria Box recaps the title of the report
and criteria you chose to build the report. It
also displays the high and low score, the Median
score and the Mean. - Clicking the box next to Performance Level
Distribution or Performance Level Key will toggle
on and off the legend bars beneath the overall
score percentage bars. - Each bar represents the cumulative percentage of
standards mastered on the test. - Clicking on the Class name hyperlink will display
the Class Update page and provide access to the
details of that class. - Using the Performance Level Distribution and
Performance Level Key will display a legend that
can help you determine what percentage of
students in the class met expectations and which
did not. Just hover over the legend bar to
display the exact percentages.
4Progress Report for SchoolsThis report compares
the results of two or more tests and displays
those results for each of the schools in the
scope of the criteria selected. Administrators
can quickly determine the gains in standards
mastery for each school. The legends Performance
Level Key and Performance Level Distribution can
help determine what percentage of students met
expectations and what percentage did not.
- This report can be printed or sent to Excel for
further data manipulation using these buttons. - The Criteria Box recaps the title of the report
and criteria you chose to build the report. It
also displays the high and low score, the Median
score and the Mean. - Clicking the box next to Performance Level
Distribution or Performance Level Key will toggle
on and off the legend bars beneath the overall
score percentage bars. - Each bar represents the cumulative percentage of
standards mastered on the test. - Using the Performance Level Distribution and
Performance Level Key will display a legend that
can help you determine what percentage of
students in the school met expectations and which
did not. Just hover over the legend bar to
display the exact percentages. - Each schools name will be displayed on the left
side of the chart.
5Progress Report for DemographicsThis report
compares the results of two or more tests and
displays those results for each of the
Demographic groups in the scope of the criteria
selected. Administrators can quickly determine
the gains in standards mastery for each group.
The legends Performance Level Key and
Performance Level Distribution can help determine
whether or not the demographic group met the
districts expectations. Too often poor
performance of a single demographic group can
make or break a whole district Annual Yearly
Performance.
- Each Demographic groups name will be displayed on
the left side of the chart and in the details
section at the bottom of each report. - Each bar represents the cumulative percentage of
standards mastered on the test. - Using the Performance Level Distribution and
Performance Level Key will display a legend that
can help you determine whether or not the
districts expectations were met for that standard
or not. - By clicking in the grey box at the top of each
column, you can sort the contents of the column
from highest to lowest or lowest to highest.
6Progress Report for StandardsThis report
compares the results of two or more tests and
displays those results for each standard covered
on the tests. Administrators can quickly
determine the gains in mastery for each standard.
The legends Performance Level Key and
Performance Level Distribution can help determine
whether or not district expectations were met.
- This report can be printed or sent to Excel for
further data manipulation using these buttons. - The Criteria Box recaps the title of the report
and criteria you chose to build the report. It
also displays the high and low score, the Median
score and the Mean. - Clicking the box next to Performance Level
Distribution or Performance Level Key will toggle
on and off the legend bars beneath the overall
score percentage bars. - Each standards name will be displayed on the left
side of the chart. Clicking the hyperlink will
launch that standard, displaying the standard
text and allowing access to the resources the
district has attached to it. - Using the Performance Level Distribution and
Performance Level Key will display a legend that
can help you determine whether or not the
districts expectations were met for that
standard. - Each bar represents the cumulative percentage of
students having mastered that standard on the
test.
7Progress Report for StudentsThis report
compares the results of two or more tests and
displays those results for each of the students
in the scope of the criteria selected.
Administrators can quickly determine the gains in
standards mastery for each student. The legends
Performance Level Key and Performance Level
Distribution can help determine whether or not
the student met the district expectations.
- This report can be printed or sent to Excel for
further data manipulation using these buttons. - The Criteria Box recaps the title of the report
and criteria you chose to build the report. It
also displays the high and low score, the Median
score and the Mean. - Clicking the box next to Performance Level
Distribution or Performance Level Key will toggle
on and off the legend bars beneath the overall
score percentage bars. - Using the Performance Level Distribution and
Performance Level Key will display a legend that
can help you determine whether or not the
district expectations were met by that student. - Each students name will be displayed on the left
side of the chart. - Each bar represents the cumulative percentage of
standards mastered on the test.
8Progress Report for TeachersThis report
compares the results of two or more tests and
displays those results for each of the teachers
in the scope of the criteria selected.
Administrators can quickly determine the gains in
standards mastery for each teachers classes. The
legends Performance Level Key and Performance
Level Distribution can help determine whether or
not the districts expectations were met.
- This report can be printed or sent to Excel for
further data manipulation using these buttons. - The Criteria Box recaps the title of the report
and criteria you chose to build the report. It
also displays the high and low score, the Median
score and the Mean. - Clicking the box next to Performance Level
Distribution or Performance Level Key will toggle
on and off the legend bars beneath the overall
score percentage bars. - Each test is represented by a different color bar
allowing for easy dissemination in the report
itself. - Using the Performance Level Distribution and
Performance Level Key will display a legend that
can help you determine whether or not the
district expectations were met by that student. - Each teachers name will be displayed on the left
side of the chart and in the center of the
details table. Clicking this link will launch the
Class Update page and display the details of that
teachers class. - By clicking in the grey box at the top of each
column, you can sort the contents of the column
from highest to lowest or lowest to highest.
9Report Card by Test for ClassesThis report
displays the overall percentage scores for each
test and each class in the scope of the criteria
selected. Administrators can quickly determine
the overall scores on each test for each of the
teachers classes. Each level of expectation is
color-coded and can help determine whether or not
the districts expectations were met.
- This report can be printed or sent to Excel for
further data manipulation. The user can also
switch between a vertical display or horizontal
display of the results using these buttons. - The Criteria Box recaps the title of the report
and criteria you chose to build the report. It
also displays the high and low score, the Median
score and the Mean. - The district has total control of how these
levels are set. A slider is provided in the
support area of the application and district
defaults can be managed there. - By clicking in the grey box at the top of each
column, you can sort the contents of the column
from highest to lowest or lowest to highest. - Each classes name will be displayed on the left
side of the table.
10Report Card by Test for SchoolsThis report
displays the overall percentage scores for each
test and each school in the scope of the criteria
selected. Administrators can quickly determine
the overall scores on each test for each of the
schools. Each level of expectation is color-coded
and can help determine whether or not the
districts expectations were met.
- This report can be printed or sent to Excel for
further data manipulation. The user can also
switch between a vertical display or horizontal
display of the results using these buttons. - The Criteria Box recaps the title of the report
and criteria you chose to build the report. It
also displays the high and low score, the Median
score and the Mean. - The district has total control of how these
levels are set. A slider is provided in the
support area of the application and district
defaults can be managed there. - By clicking in the grey box at the top of each
column, you can sort the contents of the column
from highest to lowest or lowest to highest. - Each schools name will be displayed on the left
side of the table.
11Report Card by Test for DemographicsThis report
displays the overall percentage scores for each
test and each demographic group in the scope of
the criteria selected. Administrators can quickly
determine the overall scores on each test for
each of the groups. Each level of expectation is
color-coded and can help determine whether or not
the districts expectations were met.
- This report can be printed or sent to Excel for
further data manipulation. The user can also
switch between a vertical display or horizontal
display of the results using these buttons. - The Criteria Box recaps the title of the report
and criteria you chose to build the report. It
also displays the high and low score, the Median
score and the Mean. - Clicking the box next to Show Performance Levels
will toggle on and off the colors for each level
in the chart. - The district has total control of how these
levels are set. A slider is provided in the
support area of the application and district
defaults can be managed there. - Each demographic groups name will be displayed
on the left side of the table and the number of
members is displayed as well. - By clicking in the grey box at the top of each
column, you can sort the contents of the column
from highest to lowest or lowest to highest.
12Report Card by Test for StudentsThis report
displays the overall percentage scores for each
test and each student in the scope of the
criteria selected. Administrators can quickly
determine the overall scores on each test for
each of the students. Each level of expectation
is color-coded and can help determine whether or
not the districts expectations were met.
- This report can be printed or sent to Excel for
further data manipulation. The user can also
switch between a vertical display or horizontal
display of the results using these buttons. - The Criteria Box recaps the title of the report
and criteria you chose to build the report. It
also displays the high and low score, the Median
score and the Mean. - Clicking the box next to Show Performance Levels
will toggle on and off the colors for each level
in the chart. - The district has total control of how these
levels are set. A slider is provided in the
support area of the application and district
defaults can be managed there. - Each students name will be displayed on the left
side of the table. - By clicking in the grey box at the top of each
column, you can sort the contents of the column
from highest to lowest or lowest to highest.
13Report Card by Test for TeachersThis report
displays the overall percentage scores for each
test and each teacher in the scope of the
criteria selected. Administrators can quickly
determine the overall scores on each test for
each of their teachers. Each level of expectation
is color-coded and can help determine whether or
not the districts expectations were met.
- This report can be printed or sent to Excel for
further data manipulation. The user can also
switch between a vertical display or horizontal
display of the results using these buttons. - The Criteria Box recaps the title of the report
and criteria you chose to build the report. It
also displays the high and low score, the Median
score and the Mean. - Clicking the box next to Show Performance Levels
will toggle on and off the colors for each level
in the chart. - The district has total control of how these
levels are set. A slider is provided in the
support area of the application and district
defaults can be managed there. - Each teachers name will be displayed on the left
side of the table. - By clicking in the grey box at the top of each
column, you can sort the contents of the column
from highest to lowest or lowest to highest.
14Item AnalysisThis report shows how a student
performed on each item on the test. The students
score is displayed in gray and the class
cumulative, the teacher cumulative , the school
cumulative and the district cumulative is there
as well. This allows a teacher to see how the
students performance compared to his peers.
The details section of the report (accessed by
clicking the legend block) will show each levels
answer choices. This is particularly important
information for determining misconceptions
students may have.
- This report can be printed using this button.
- The Criteria Box recaps the title of the report
and criteria you chose to build the report. It
also displays the high and low score, the Median
score and the Mean. - By clicking on each legend box you can access the
details report which shows the answer choices for
the aggregate of students in that level. - Each bar represents the cumulative percentage of
standards mastered on the test. - By clicking on the question number hyperlink you
can see the question the student saw on the test.
15Statistical ReportThis report gives an
administrator all of the big picture information
he or she could want. Think of this as a
scoreboard. Raw score, Percent score, Number of
students that comprise that statistic, Percent of
Group, Cumulative percentage and the percentile
ranking. Depending on the number of students in
the criteria selected this can provide a quick
score card of how many students have reached the
bar and how many students still have work to do.
- This report can be printed or sent to Excel for
further data manipulation. - The Criteria Box recaps the title of the report
and criteria you chose to build the report. It
also displays the high and low score, the Median
score and the Mean. - Data is displayed in columns with headers
describing the score. - By clicking in the grey box at the top of each
column, you can sort the contents of the column
from highest to lowest or lowest to highest.
16Report Card by Standard for ClassesThis report
shows how each class in the scope of the criteria
selected performed on each standard on the test.
Administrators can quickly determine which
classes met the expectations of the district and
which did not. It can help administrators and
teachers alike prepare individualized lesson
plans in response to the needs of one class over
another.
- This report can be printed or sent to Excel for
further data manipulation. The user can also
switch between a vertical display or horizontal
display of the results using these buttons. - The Criteria Box recaps the title of the report
and criteria you chose to build the report. It
also displays the high and low score, the Median
score and the Mean. - By clicking in the grey box at the top of each
column, you can sort the contents of the column
from highest to lowest or lowest to highest. - The district has total control of how these
levels are set. A slider is provided in the
support area of the application and district
defaults can be managed there. - Each classes name will be displayed on the left
side of the table. - Each standards name will be displayed at the top
of the chart. Clicking the hyperlink will launch
that standard, displaying the standard text and
allowing access to the resources the district has
attached to it.
17Report Card by Standard for SchoolsThis report
shows how each school in the scope of the
criteria selected performed on each standard on
the test. Administrators can quickly determine
which schools met the expectations of the
district and which did not. This report is
particularly beneficial in the discovery of best
practices. If there is only one school that has
met or exceeded district expectations and three
others that have not, what a wonderful
opportunity to approach the school that met
expectations and ask those teachers what resource
are used to achieve that mark. Once the other
schools are equipped with that resource they will
have a better score next year.
- This report can be printed or sent to Excel for
further data manipulation. The user can also
switch between a vertical display or horizontal
display of the results using these buttons. - The Criteria Box recaps the title of the report
and criteria you chose to build the report. It
also displays the high and low score, the Median
score and the Mean. - The district has total control of how these
levels are set. A slider is provided in the
support area of the application and district
defaults can be managed there. - Each school name will be displayed on the left
side of the table. - Each standard name will be displayed at the top
of the chart. Clicking the hyperlink will launch
that standard, displaying the standard text and
allowing access to the resources the district has
attached to it. - By clicking in the grey box at the top of each
column, you can sort the contents of the column
from highest to lowest or lowest to highest.
18Report Card by Standard for DemographicsThis
report shows how each demographic group, in the
scope of the criteria selected, cumulatively
performed on each standard on the test.
Administrators can quickly determine which groups
met the expectations of the district and which
did not. Too often poor performance of a single
demographic group can make or break a whole
district Annual Yearly Performance.
- This report can be printed or sent to Excel for
further data manipulation. The user can also
switch between a vertical display or horizontal
display of the results using these buttons. - The Criteria Box recaps the title of the report
and criteria you chose to build the report. It
also displays the high and low score, the Median
score and the Mean. - The district has total control of how these
levels are set. A slider is provided in the
support area of the application and district
defaults can be managed there. - Clicking the box next to Show Performance Levels
will toggle on and off the colors for each level
in the chart. - By clicking in the grey box at the top of each
column, you can sort the contents of the column
from highest to lowest or lowest to highest. - Each standard name will be displayed at the top
of the chart. Clicking the hyperlink will launch
that standard, displaying the standard text and
allowing access to the resources the district has
attached to it. - Each demographic group name will be displayed on
the left side of the table. In the case of very
wide reports where the group name is no longer
visible, hovering over a cell will display the
group name.
19Report Card by Standard for StudentsThis report
shows how each student in the scope of the
criteria selected performed on each standard on
the test. Administrators can quickly determine
which students met the expectations of the
district and which did not. This report is
particularly beneficial in targeting the
individual students that need remediation of a
standard without having to take the entire
population back through the instruction. Teachers
can build small groups from this list.
- This report can be printed or sent to Excel for
further data manipulation. The user can also
switch between a vertical display or horizontal
display of the results using these buttons. - The Criteria Box recaps the title of the report
and criteria you chose to build the report. It
also displays the high and low score, the Median
score and the Mean. - Clicking the box next to Show Performance Levels
will toggle on and off the colors for each level
in the chart. - The district has total control of how these
levels are set. A slider is provided in the
support area of the application and district
defaults can be managed there. - By clicking in the grey box at the top of each
column, you can sort the contents of the column
from highest to lowest or lowest to highest. - Each standards name will be displayed at the top
of the chart. Clicking the hyperlink will launch
that standard, displaying the standard text and
allowing access to the resources the district has
attached to it. - Each students name will be displayed on the left
side of the table.
20Report Card by Standard for TeachersThis report
shows how each teacher, in the scope of the
criteria selected, students cumulatively
performed on each standard on the test.
Administrators can quickly determine which
teachers met the expectations of the district and
which did not. This report is particularly
beneficial in the discovery of best practices. If
there is only one teacher that has met or
exceeded district expectations and three others
that have not, what a wonderful opportunity to
approach the teacher that met expectations and
ask what resource she uses to achieve that mark.
Once the other teachers are equipped with that
resource they will have a better score next year.
- This report can be printed or sent to Excel for
further data manipulation. The user can also
switch between a vertical display or horizontal
display of the results using these buttons. - The Criteria Box recaps the title of the report
and criteria you chose to build the report. It
also displays the high and low score, the Median
score and the Mean. - The district has total control of how these
levels are set. A slider is provided in the
support area of the application and district
defaults can be managed there. - Clicking the box next to Show Performance Levels
will toggle on and off the colors for each level
in the chart. - By clicking in the grey box at the top of each
column, you can sort the contents of the column
from highest to lowest or lowest to highest. - Each standards name will be displayed at the top
of the chart. Clicking the hyperlink will launch
that standard, displaying the standard text and
allowing access to the resources the district has
attached to it. - Each teachers name will be displayed on the left
side of the table.
21At Risk Students by StandardThis report lists
standards on the test where the expectation was
not met and shows you which students in the scope
did not meet expectations for that standard.
Small groups are now quickly defined using this
report.
- This report can be printed or sent to Word for
additional formatting options. - The Criteria Box recaps the title of the report
and criteria you chose to build the report. It
also displays the high and low score, the Median
score and the Mean. - The standard name is displayed with the
cumulative score for the class. - Each student that did not meet expectations is
listed along with their score for that standard. - The standard text is also displayed for easy
identification.
22At Risk Standards by StudentThis report lists
students that took the test and shows the
standards for which each student did not meet
expectation. There is now have a definitive list
of areas where each student needs additional
instruction.
- This report can be printed or sent to Word for
additional formatting options. - The Criteria Box recaps the title of the report
and criteria you chose to build the report. It
also displays the high and low score, the Median
score and the Mean. - The number of standards of concern for each
student is recapped. - Each student that did not meet expectations is
listed by name. - The standard name is displayed along with the
class cumulative score for that standard. - The standard text is also displayed for easy
identification.
23At Risk Subgroups by StandardThis report lists
each standard on the test and shows which
subgroup in the class, tracked in Elements by the
district, did not meet expectations for that
standard.
- This report can be printed or sent to Word for
additional formatting options. - The Criteria Box recaps the title of the report
and criteria you chose to build the report. It
also displays the high and low score, the Median
score and the Mean. - Each subgroup is listed as a column header.
- The standard name is displayed down the left-hand
side of the table. - The cumulative score for each group is listed
where the group as a whole did not meet
expectations.
24At Risk Standards by Domain This report lists
the domains on the test where the expectation was
not met and shows you which students in the scope
did not meet expectations for that domain. There
is a good chance that the students that did not
meet expectations for that domain on this test
will not meet the expectations for the domain on
the state summative test either, without
additional instruction.
- This report can be printed or sent to Word for
additional formatting options. - The Criteria Box recaps the title of the report
and criteria you chose to build the report. It
also displays the high and low score, the Median
score and the Mean. - Each student that did not meet expectations is
listed. - The standard name is displayed with the
cumulative score for the class. - The score for that domain is listed as a
percentage for each student in the scope that
took the test and did not meet expectations.
25Test Summary This report allows for the test
results to be sent home to parents without the
test questions leaving the building. Since the
same test questions, quite possibly, will be used
again next year this preserves the integrity of
the items on the test. Parents still get the
score and can easily identify which items were
missed and the concept behind that question.
- This report can be printed or sent to Word for
additional formatting options. - The Criteria Box recaps the title of the report
and criteria you chose to build the report. It
also displays the high and low score, the Median
score and the Mean. - The test name and the students overall score for
the test is recapped here. - The students name heads the report and a page
break before the student name allows for the
teacher to easily print separate pages for each
student. - The standard name is displayed with the students
score for all of the questions written against
that standard. - Each question mapped to that standard is shown
with an x where the answer was incorrect and a
checkmark where the students answer was correct.
26Mastery Standards by StudentThis report lists
students that took the test and shows the
standards for which each student either met or
exceeded expectation. There is now have a
definitive list of areas where each student needs
no additional instruction.
- This report can be printed or sent to Word for
additional formatting options. - The Criteria Box recaps the title of the report
and criteria you chose to build the report. It
also displays the high and low score, the Median
score and the Mean. - The number of standards mastered is listed for
each student. - Each student with standards that met or exceeded
expectations is listed. - The standard name is displayed here.
- The score for that student on that standard is
also displayed. - The standard text is included for easy
identification.
27Mastery Students by DomainThis report lists
each of the domains on the test where the
expectation was met or exceeded and shows you
which students in the scope met expectations.
There is a good chance that the students that met
or exceeded expectations for that domain on this
test will meet or exceed the expectations for the
domain on the state summative test too, without
additional instruction.
- This report can be printed or sent to Word for
additional formatting options. - The Criteria Box recaps the title of the report
and criteria you chose to build the report. It
also displays the high and low score, the Median
score and the Mean. - The domain name is displayed with the cumulative
score for the scope. - Each student that met or exceeded expectations
is listed along with their score for that domain.
28Mastery Students by StandardThis report lists
standards on the test where the expectation was
met or exceeded and shows you which students in
the scope met expectations for that standard.
Students th are now quickly defined using this
report.
- This report can be printed or sent to Word for
additional formatting options. - The Criteria Box recaps the title of the report
and criteria you chose to build the report. It
also displays the high and low score, the Median
score and the Mean. - The standard name is displayed with the
cumulative score for the scope. - The standard text is included for easy
identification. - The number of students that mastered this
standard is here. - Each student that met or exceeded expectations
is listed along with their score for that
standard.
29Mastery Subgroups by Standard This report lists
each standard on the test and shows which
subgroup in the class, tracked in Elements by the
district, met or exceeded expectations for that
standard.
- This report can be printed or sent to Word for
additional formatting options. - The Criteria Box recaps the title of the report
and criteria you chose to build the report. It
also displays the high and low score, the Median
score and the Mean. - Each subgroup is listed as a column header.
- The standard name is displayed down the left-hand
side of the table. - The cumulative score for each group is listed
where the group as a whole met or exceeded
expectations.
30Students, School, Teacher ResultsThis report
lists the student, school, teacher, test, term
and score for that student, on that test. This
test is great for administrators looking for a
comprehensive summary of a test event in their
building.
- This report can be printed or sent to Word for
additional formatting options. - The Criteria Box recaps the title of the report
and criteria you chose to build the report. It
also displays the high and low score, the Median
score and the Mean. - Each student in the scope of the criteria is
listed. - Each school in the scope of the criteria is
listed. - Each teacher in the scope of the criteria is
listed. - The test, term and cumulative score for the
student is list also. - A score bar is included as a quick visual
indicator of the results for that student.
31Subgroups by StandardThis report lists
standards on the test and shows you how each
demographic group tracked in Elements performed
by standard.
- This report can be printed or sent to Word for
additional formatting options. - The Criteria Box recaps the title of the report
and criteria you chose to build the report. It
also displays the high and low score, the Median
score and the Mean. - Each subgroup is listed along the top of the
table. - The standard name is displayed down the left side
of the table. - The score for that standard is displayed along
with a score bar allowing for quick visual
determination of performance by that group.