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PCa PowerPoint Presentation

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Source: Cancer Facts and Figures 2004- American Cancer Society and Texas ... DRE: 40 years and older every year (American Cancer Society guidelines) ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: PCa PowerPoint Presentation


1
HEY YOU!
Wake-up man
2
Hey, Smart Guy!
Can you guess who can get prostate cancer?
Not you?
Well, guess again any male can get prostate
cancer
3
THIS PRESENTATION IS SPONSORED BY
US TOO! INTERNATIONAL, INC
4
Prostate Cancer
  • Facts That Every Man Over 40 Should Know

5
WHAT IS THE PROSTATE GLAND?
6
  • The prostate is part of the male reproductive
    system
  • Its major function is to secrete a fluid to
    nourish semen during intercourse
  • The prostate is about the size of a walnut but it
    can grow with age
  • It is located below the urinary bladder, in front
    of the rectum surrounding the urethra (the canal
    for the discharge of urine that extends from the
    urinary bladder to the outside)

7
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8
What Is Prostate Cancer?
Not Much!
What do you know about prostate cancer?
9
What is Cancer anyway?
10
  • Cancer is a cellular disease
  • It is a disordered and abnormal cell growth
  • In prostate cancer, as in other types of cancer,
    cells grow out of control and form tumors
  • If the tumor is within the gland, the cancer is
    said to be localized and curable
  • If the cancer escapes the gland it is considered
    incurable
  • Early detection before the cancer escapes the
    gland becomes very important
  • EARLY DETECTION AND EFFECTIVE TREATMENT WHEN THE
    CANCER IS LOCALIZED CAN POSSIBLY SAVE YOUR LIFE

11
Possible Levels of Prostate Cancer At Diagnosis
Systemic Spread
Local-Regional Disease Spread
Lymph Node
Other Organs
Tumor
GLAND PROSTATE
Bone
Tumor
CAPSULE
12
What are the symptoms of prostate cancer?
  • You might not have any at all!
  • Often there are none, or they are not recognized
  • Major symptoms
  • Urinary frequency
  • Slow urinary flow
  • Painful urination
  • Blood in urine or semen
  • Impotence
  • Lower back or thigh pain

13
How Significant Is Prostate Cancer?
  • In the USA, 230,110 men will be diagnosed with
    prostate cancer. That is one man diagnosed every
    3 minutes
  • Prostate cancer deaths are estimated at 29,900
    That is one death every 18 minutes
  • In Texas, an estimated 11,600 new cases were
    reported in 2002.
  • Source Cancer Facts and Figures 2004- American
    Cancer Society and Texas Department of Health

14
How much of a threat?
  • Prostate cancer is the most diagnosed non-skin
    cancer in American men and the second leading
    cause of cancer death .

15
Who Is at Most Risk?
  • Prostate cancer is almost twice as common in
    African-American men than in Caucasian men
  • African Americans are more than twice as likely
    to die when diagnosed than Caucasian men

16
Prostate cancer risk factors
  • Age The risk increases with age, but 25 of
    diagnoses are made under age 65.
  • Race African-Americans have a rate of incidence
    double that of Caucasian men
  • Family history of prostate cancer Men with a
    family history have two- to three-fold increase
    in the risk of prostate cancer
  • Diet A diet high in saturated animal fat can
    double the risk of developing prostate cancer.

17
Risk Factors
  • AGE RISK
  • 45 49 23 per 100,000
  • 50 54 103 per 100,000
  • 55 59 273 per 100,000
  • 60 - 64 568 per 100,000
  • 65 1,000 per 100,000
  • Source SEER Incidence rates
    1992 - 1996

18
Risk Factors
RACE Incidence Death Afr.-Am. 230
.3 55.0 Cauc. 153.5 24.1 Hisp.
106.7 16.8 Asian 91.3
11.1 Source Rates per 100,000 and
age-adjusted. SEER incidence and U.S. cancer
death rates, 1990-95, in Cancer 82 1197-207,
1998 (SEER NCI Surveillance, Epidemiology, and
End-Results Program
19
Risk Factors
  • FAMILY HISTORY
  • 2.4 times increased risk for men with a
    first-degree relative
  • (Spitz, et al, Familial patterns of prostate
    cancer A case-control analysis, J Urol, 1991,
    1461305-1307)

20
Risk Factors
DIET
  • Eating red meat increases the risk of developing
    prostate cancer 2.64 times
  • Red meat and dairy products are high in
    saturated fat rich in arachidonic acid (a fatty
    acid)
  • Vegetable oil is rich in alpha linolenic acid (a
    fatty acid)
  • By-products of these fats promote the growth and
    seriousness of prostate cancer
  • Eating a diet high in fats also lowers the
    bodys defenses

21
So what CAN I eat?
  • A balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables!
    (5 servings/day)
  • Lower your intake of red meat, processed and
    fried foods. Eat more plant-based food like soy
    protein.
  • Watch portion sizes (3 oz meat/serving)
  • Eat foods with lycopene (tomatoes, watermelon and
    red grapefruit) which may be associated with a
    decreased risk of prostate cancer

22
PREVENTION
  • Selenium supplements in the organic form
    grown in yeast. (200 mcg)
  • In randomized studies this dose reduced the
    incidence of prostate cancer 63
  • Natural vitamin E (50 IU)
  • Shown in clinical trials to reduce the risk of
    prostate cancer by 40

23
How does early detection help?
  • Survival rate at 5 years is 99 for those whose
    cancer is still just in the prostate gland
    (localized).
  • Survival rate at 5 years for those whose cancer
    has spread beyond the gland (late diagnosis) is
    only 31

24
How to Avoid an Advanced Stage
DiagnosisEarly Detection is the AnswerMen
Assuming Responsibilityfor Their Health
PSA

DRE
25
No Warning!
  • Since symptoms can be caused by other conditions
    annual testing is KEY!
  • Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), a blood test
  • Digital Rectal Examination (DRE), a physical exam
  • Basic tools to find Prostate Cancer EARLY!

26
What You Should Know About the PSA Test
  • PSA is checked by a blood test
  • The real value of the PSA test is in testing year
    to year and observing the rate of change
  • Medical opinion is divided about the usefulness
    of a single PSA
  • One test out of range could be caused by other
    problems
  • PSA is not prostate cancer specific

27
Why do I have to have a DRE?
  • In the DRE the doctor examines you by feeling the
    prostate gland through the rectum with his finger
    (digit)
  • DRE improves the value of PSA testing in early
    disease detection
  • DRE and PSA together are often able to detect
    prostate cancer better and sooner than either
    test alone

28
When do I need to start getting tested?
  • DRE 40 years and older every year
    (American Cancer Society guidelines)
  • PSA 50 years and older every year
    (American Cancer Society
    guidelines)
  • If family history of prostate cancer and/or
    African-American 45 years and
    older every year (American Cancer Society
    guidelines)

29
What if the doctor doesnt offer PSA and DRE?
  • Some doctors do not offer these tests to men at
    risk
  • These men have the right to request to be tested
    annually if so desired
  • You may have to insist on being tested

30
Be a man!
  • Take responsibility for your health!
  • Ask your doctor for a copy of your results. The
    normal range for PSA is 0.0 to 4.0 ng/ml. (This
    is just a guideline range)
  • Knowing your PSA number lets you help track
    your own health.
  • Do not accept your PSA is fine from your doctor
    without getting a copy of the real number.

31
What if my PSA is high?
  • Infection needs to be ruled out
  • Antibiotics are prescribed to rule out infection
  • Free-PSA ratio test - Ordered if PSA remains high
    after antibiotics. It helps detect the presence
    of prostate cancer. A free-PSA ratio of 15 or
    less indicates a high probability of prostate
    cancer
  • Ultrasound and biopsy examination may be ordered
    if the Free-PSA ratio indicates possible cancer

32
In Case of a Diagnosis With a Positive Biopsy
  • Do not panic, learn your treatment options by
    contacting your local US TOO prostate cancer
    support group chapter.
  • To locate a local chapter call 1-800-80-US TOO
    or access their website at http//www.ustoo.com
  • Get a second opinion on the biopsy sample by a
    pathologist specializing in prostate cancer. Your
    treatment decision depends on a good assessment
    of the biopsy material
  • Get a second opinion about your diagnosis and
    treatment options from an unbiased specialist in
    prostate cancer treatment
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