Topic sentences express the

1
Topic Sentences

• Topic sentences express the
• main ideas in paragraphs.

2
What is the topic?

• For centuries rats have survived all human
  efforts to destroy them. We have poisoned and
  trapped, and burned them. Scientists have used
  germ warfare. Rats even survived atomic bomb
  tests conducted on a Pacific island after World
  War II. People have tried to kill them, but
  these enemies prove that they are the most
  indestructible of pests.
• __1. Rats and human destruction
• __2. Rats and human warfare
• __3. The survival of rats

Read the paragraph 1st to find the topic.
3
What is the topic?

• For centuries rats have survived all human
  efforts to destroy them. We have poisoned and
  trapped, and burned them. Scientists have used
  germ warfare. Rats even survived atomic bomb
  tests conducted on a Pacific island after World
  War II. People have tried to kill them, but
  these enemies prove that they are the most
  indestructible of pests.
• __1. Rats and human destruction
• __2. Rats and human warfare
• X 3. The survival of rats

This one is about the survival of rats.
4
Wheres the topic sentence?

• For centuries rats have survived all human
  efforts to destroy them. We have poisoned and
  trapped, and burned them. Scientists have used
  germ warfare. Rats even survived atomic bomb
  tests conducted on a Pacific island after World
  War II. People have tried to kill them, but
  these enemies prove that they are the most
  indestructible of pests.

Is the topic sentence first, middle, or last?
5
The topic sentence is first and last!

• For centuries rats have survived all human
  efforts to destroy them. We have poisoned and
  trapped, and burned them. Scientists have used
  germ warfare. Rats even survived atomic bomb
  tests conducted on a Pacific island after World
  War II. People have tried to kill them, but
  these enemies prove that they are the most
  indestructible of pests.

Are rats really that hard to kill?
6
Then what are the middlesentences called?

• For centuries rats have survived all human
  efforts to destroy them. We have poisoned and
  trapped, and burned them. Scientists have used
  germ warfare. Rats even survived atomic bomb
  tests conducted on a Pacific island after World
  War II. People have tried to kill them, but
  these enemies prove that they are the most
  indestructible of pests.

What are the sentences called that arent main
ideas?
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The three middle sentences are called details.

• For centuries rats have survived all human
  efforts to destroy them. We have poisoned and
  trapped, and burned them. Scientists have used
  germ warfare. Rats even survived atomic bomb
  tests conducted on a Pacific island after World
  War II. People have tried to kill them, but
  these enemies prove that they are the most
  indestructible of pests.

What do the details in this paragraph prove?
8
How do you develop a paragraph?
A topic sentence may be developed by giving
examples.
A topic sentence may be developed by telling
an incident

• A topic sentence may be developed by giving
  details.

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How is a paragraph unified?
Every sentence in a paragraph should support the
main idea expressed in the topic sentence.
main idea
sentence
sentence
sentence
sentence
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What does the last sentence do?

• The last sentence can restate the topic sentence
  in different words.
• A concluding sentence secures the point made in
  the paragraph.
• It summarizes the whole paragraph.

The last word is supposed to emphasize the main
point.
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What is coherence?

• Coherence stays on the point.
• The ideas have clear and logical relation to each
  other.
• Coherence puts details, examples, and experiences
  in the correct order.

Does the womans point make good sense?
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What are the most used types of paragraphs?

• The narrative paragraph
• tells a story
• The persuasive paragraph.
• tries to convince the audience
• The descriptive paragraph
• describes something
• The expository or explanatory paragraph
• gives information or explains something

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Can you match the academic words?

• community happen
• participation body
• factor usually
• culturally together
• response answer
• environment social
• physical place
• normally small
• occur reason
• minor city

• 11. available good
• benefit last
• identity zone
• method help
• assistance end
• final way
• conclusion ID
• similar open
• definition not different
• area explanation

Have you learned these words yet?