Base Ten Number System

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Base Ten Number System
Early Indian non place value numeral forms for
the digits 1-9 date back to the 1st century B.C.
It wasnt until around 629 A.D. that Bhaskara
introduces the idea of place value.
Originated from the Hindu-Arabic numeration
system. Fibonacci brought it to the Europeans in
the 1200s adding a name for the place values and
adding a zero.
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Base 10 (Decimal) Numbering System The Indian
culture developed the decimal system. The Mohenjo
Daro culture of the Indus valley was using a form
of decimal numbering some 5000 years ago.
Succeeding cultural changes in this area
developed the decimal system into a rigorous
numbering system including the use of zero by
the Hindu mathematicians some 1500 years ago. The
digits we use for the decimal system are the
Arabic/Indian digits of 0 thru 9. Each number
occupies a place value. When 1 is reached the
value goes to 0 and 1 is added to the next place
value. 01234567891011121314151617
181920etc
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Each place value to the left is equal to 10 times
the place value to the right. Which implies that
each place value to the right is equal to the
place value to the left divided by10.
This gives great precision for a number. The
precision gained from this numbering system
played no small part in the development of the
calculus.
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This gives great precision for a number. The
precision gained from this numbering system
played no small part in the development of the
calculus.
A zero was used in the decimal system to
represent nothing of a particular place
value. The use of 10 digits for a numbering
system may be seen to arise from counting on our
10 fingers. Count on your fingers up to ten put
a mark in the sand and continue counting on
fingers.  
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• Decimal writers
• c. 3500 - 2500 BC Elamites of Iran possibly used
  early forms of decimal system.23
• c. 2900 BC Egyptian hieroglyphs show counting in
  powers of 10 (1 million 400000 goats etc.)
  see Ifrah below
• c. 2600 BC Indus Valley Civilization earliest
  known physical use of decimal fractions in
  ancient weight system 1/20 1/10 1/5 1/2. See
  Ancient Indus Valley weights and measures
• c. 1400 BC Chinese writers show familiarity with
  the concept for example 547 is written Five
  hundred plus four decades plus seven of days in
  some manuscripts
• c. 1200 BC In ancient India the Vedic text
  Yajur-Veda states the powers of 10 up to 1055
• c. 400 BC Pingala develops the binary number
  system for Sanskrit prosody with a clear mapping
  to the base-10 decimal system
• c. 250 BC Archimedes writes the Sand Reckoner
  which takes decimal calculation up to
  1080000000000000000
• c. 100200 The Satkhandagamawritten in India
  earliest use of decimal logarithms
• c. 476550 Aryabhata uses an alphabetic cipher
  system for numbers that used zero
• c. 598670 Brahmagupta explains the
  Hindu-Arabic numerals (modern number system)
  which uses decimal integers negative integers
  and zero
• c. 780850 Muammad ibn Musa al-warizmi first
  to expound on algorism outside India
• c. 920980 Abul Hasan Ahmad ibn Ibrahim
  Al-Uqlidii earliest known direct mathematical
  treatment of decimal fractions.
• c. 13001500 The Kerala School in South India
  decimal floating point numbers
• 1548/491620 Simon Stevin author of De Thiende
  (the tenth)
• 15611613 Bartholemaeus Pitiscus (possibly)
  decimal point notation.
• 15501617 John Napier use of decimal logarithms
  as a computational tool
• 1765 Johann Heinrich Lambert discusses (with
  few if any proofs) patterns in decimal expansions
  of rational numbers and notes a connection with
  Fermats little theorem in the case of prime
  denominators
• 1800 Karl Friedrich Gauss uses number theory to
  systematically explain patterns in recurring
  decimal expansions of rational numbers (e.g. the
  relation between period length of the recurring
  part and the denominator which fractions with
  the same denominator have recurring decimal parts
  which are shifts of each other like 1/7 and 2/7)
  and also poses questions which remain open to
  this day (e.g. a special case of Artins
  conjecture on primitive roots is 10 a generator
  modulo p for infinitely many primes p).

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Resources
http \\dpsnas01\gwhs_top\gwhs_data\registergw\Des
ktop\Base 10 (Decimal).htm http//www.istockphoto.
com/file_thumbview_approve/2991716/2/istockphoto_2
991716_ten_fingers.jpg http//en.wikipedia.org/wik
i/Base_ten