Science

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Science
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Topics

• Education
• Finances
• Humanities and Social Sciences
• Mathematics, Engineering and Natural Science
• History
• Recent Nobel Prize Winners
• Medicine and Biology
• Research

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Education

• Tertiary level education in Switzerland
• - 12 Universities / ETH
• 110000 students (48 female, 21 foreigners)
• - 7 technical high schools
• 41000 students (39 female, 15 foreigners)
• Total education expenditures by states 2001
  23.35 Billions CHF

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Finances

• Budget distribution of the SNSF (Swiss national
  science foundation)
• Sector I
• Humanities and Social Science 76 Mio 18
• Sector II
• Mathematics, Engineering and Natural Science 169
  Mio 41
• Sector III
• Biology and Medicine 170 Mio 41
• Total 2003 417 Mio 100
• Total research expenditures 2000 10.7
  Billons

in CHF
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Humanities and Social Sciences (SAGW)

• - Contains many fields of research
• - Not very important in Swiss Science
• - Receive only less money from the Swiss National
  Funds (76 Mio. 18)

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Mathematics, Engineering and Natural Sciences
(SCNAT)

• - Main Research fields
• - Physics
• - Engineering
• - Chemistry
• - Leading in
• - Geomantic, Cartographic
• - Engineering
• - Developing high precision instruments

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History

• 1996 Sandoz and Ciba-Geigy merge to Novartis
• 1970 Ciba and Geigy merged
• 1886 Sandoz built
• 1987 SWITCH founded
• 1963 first buildings of ETH Zurich built
• School with most gained Nobel prizes
• 1953 CERN built
• They make nuclear research

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Recent Nobel Prize Winners

• Chemistry
• 2002 K. Wüthrich
• Identification of macromolecules (they are built
  from multiple atoms ? heavier than usual)
• 1991 R. Ernst
• Method to analyze the structure of molecules

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Recent Nobel Prize Winners

• Medicine
• 1996 R. Zinkernagel
• Discovered how the immune system discovers
  infected cells
• 1978 W. Arber
• Discovered the restriction enzymes (they cut the
  DNA)
• Physics
• 1987 K. Müller
• Superconductor in cupper

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Medicine and Biology

• Leading in
• Spinal injuries
• Psychiatric problems
• Nuclear medicine
• Costs
• 50 billion Swiss francs per year
• about 6750 francs per person per year
• Live expectancy
• - women 83
• - men 78
• Causes of death
• - 48 heart
• - 24 tumours
• What do Swiss habitants want?

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Research

• In Switzerland research is supported with SFr .
  417 Mio.
• There's an organisation, SNSF (Swiss national
  science foundation), that distributes the money
  for research
• Leading in
• space research
• biochemical research
• Again Nobel prizes
• Swiss scientists have won more than 20 Nobel
  prizes for physics, chemistry or medicine
• Ranking in the lists of the best universities

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