Title: The Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers in Their Dual Role as Educator and Parent.
1The Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers in
Their Dual Role as Educator and Parent.
2Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers adopted
and promulgated by the Board for Professional
Teachers through Board Resolution No. 435, series
of 1997, pursuant to the provisions of paragraph
(e), Article II of RA No. 7836, otherwise known
as the Philippine Teachers Professionalization
Act of 1994
3VIOLATION OF CODE OF ETHICS FOR PROFESSIONAL
TEACHERS
Article XII, Section 1--
Any violation x x x shall be sufficient ground
for the x x x revocation of x x x license x x x
4TEACHERS AS PROFESSIONALS
Duly licensed professionals who possess dignity
and reputation with high moral values as well as
technical and professional competence. In the
practice of their noble profession, they strictly
adhere to observe, and practice this set of
ethical and moral principles, standard and values.
(Preamble, Code of Ethics for Professional
Teachers)
5Every teacher shall merit reasonable social
recognition for which purpose he shall behave
with honor and dignity at all times and refrain
from such activities as gambling, smoking,
drunkenness and other excesses, much less illicit
relations. (Code of Ethics, Article III, Section
3)
A teacher shall place premium upon self-respect
and self-discipline as the principle of personal
behavior in all relationships with others and in
all situations. (Code of Ethics, Article XI,
Section 2)
6A teacher shall maintain at all times a
dignified personality which could serve as model
worthy of emulation by learners, peers, and
others. (Code of Ethics, Article XI, Section 3)
7Joseph Santos vs. NLRC, Hagonoy Institute, Inc.
As teacher, (one) serves as an example to
his/her pupils xxx. Consequently xxx teachers
must adhere to the exacting standards of morality
and decency. xxx A teacher both in his official
and personal conduct must display exemplary
behavior. He must freely and willingly accept
restrictions on his conduct that might be viewed
irksome xxx the personal behavior of teachers, IN
AND OUTSIDE THE CLASSROOM, must be beyond
reproach xxx they must observe a high standard of
integrity and honesty.
8TO ACT WITH HONOR
To strictly honor contractual obligation with
the School
Art. VI, Sec. 6, Code of Ethics
A teacher who accepts a position assumes a
contractual obligation to live up to his
contract, assuming full knowledge of the
employment terms and conditions.
9DUTY OF TEACHERS (Based on Law)
As an EDUCATOR
1987 Constitution states
x x x The State shall protect and promote the
right of all citizens to quality education at all
levels and shall take appropriate steps to make
such education accessible to all. (Article XIV,
Section 1)
10As a PARENT
Article 218 of the Family Code provides
The school, its administrators and teachers, x x
x engaged in child care shall have special
parental authority and responsibility over the
minor child while under their supervision,
instruction or custody.
Article 219 of the Family Code provides
Those given the authority and responsibility
under (Article 218) shall principally and
solidarily liable for damages caused by acts or
omissions of the unemancipated minor.
11Principal Duty or Obligation is To Ensure
Quality Education
What is QUALITY EDUCATION?
x x x making sure that basic education is really
solid, because if it is not solid, it affects the
quality of secondary education. If secondary
education is poor, then the person goes to
college unprepared for college work. And if he
is allowed to graduate again with a poor quality
college education, he goes to university
professional education even more unprepared. -
Rev. Fr. Joaquin Bernas, SJ
12In short
A school, before promoting or graduating a
student, must be sure that he/she (the student)
is functionally literate to go through next
higher level.
13To ensure Quality Education
1) Must be COMPETENT and EFFICIENT
Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers, Article
IV, Section 2
Every teacher shall uphold the highest possible
standards of quality education, shall make the
best preparation for the career of teaching, and
shall be at his best at all times in the practice
of his profession.
14BP 232 (Education Act of 1982), Section 16 (2)
provides
The teacher shall xxx be accountable for
efficient and effective attainment of specified
learning objectives xxx.
Code of Ethics further mandates that
Every teacher shall participate in the
continuing professional education (CPE) program
of the PRC, and shall pursue such other studies
as will improve his efficiency, enhance the
prestige of the profession, and strengthen his
competence, virtue and productivity in order to
be nationally and internationally competitive.
(Article IV, Section 3)
15A teacher shall ensure that conditions
contributive to the maximum development of
learners are adequate and shall extend assistance
in preventing or solving learners problems and
difficulties.
(Article IV, Section 3)
16In short
A teacher is expected to be efficient and
competent in the performance of his academic
duties at all times.
Otherwise,
A teacher who has consistently shows his
inability to efficiently perform his duties and
responsibilities, within a common performance
standards should not be allowed to stay in school
xxx.
The MRPS provides as just cause of terminating a
faculty
Gross inefficiency and incompetence in the
performance of his duties xxx.
(Section 3 (a))
17Hence, the SC held in Evelyn Peña vs. NLRC that
x x x schools can set high standards of
efficiency for its teachers since quality
education is a mandate of the Constitution xxx
security of tenure xxx cannot be used to shield
incompetence.
182) Must EVALUATE LEARNERS
(i) Duty to give grades/evaluation
Section 16(3) of BP 232, TEACHER SHALL
Render regular reports on performance of each
student and to the latter and to the latters
parents and guardians with specific suggestions
for improvement.
and...
Must promptly render or give grades. Otherwise,
the unjustified or unreasonable delay in giving
grades constitutes gross neglect of duty.
19In the case of University of the East vs. Romeo
A. Jader, the SC declared
It is the contractual obligation of the school
(through the teachers) to TIMELY INFORM AND
FURNISH sufficient notice and information to each
and every student as to whether he/she had
already complied with all the requirements xxx.
The negligent act of a teacher who fails to
observe the rules of the school, for instance, by
not promptly submitting a students grade is not
only imputable to the teacher but is an act of
the school being his/her employer xxx.
20In evaluating/giving grades the following rules
of conduct must be observed
Code of Ethics provides
A teacher has the duty to determine the academic
marks and the promotion of learners in the
subject they handle. Such determination shall be
in accordance with generally accepted procedure
of evaluation and measurement on case of any
complaint, teachers concerned shall immediately
take appropriate action, observing the process.
(Article VIII, Section 1)
21Under no circumstances shall a teacher be
prejudiced nor discriminatory against any
learner.
(Article VIII, Section 3)
A teacher shall not accept favors or gifts from
learners, their parents or others in their behalf
in exchange for requested concessions, especially
if undeserved.
(Article VIII, Section 4)
A teacher shall base the evaluation of the
learners work on merit and quality of academic
performance.
(Article VIII, Section 6)
22Section 16 (5) of BP 232 mandates that a teacher
shall
Refrain from making deductions or additions in
students scholastic ratings for acts that are
clearly not manifestations of xxx scholarship.
Hence, Section 79 of the MRPS
Basis for Grading. The xxx grade or rating xxx
in a student should be based SOLELY on his
scholastic performance. Any addition or
diminution to the grade in a subject for
co-curricular activities, attendance, or
misconduct shall NOT be allowed xxx.
23Code of Ethics provides
A teacher shall not xxx make deductions from
their scholastic ratings as a punishment for acts
which are clearly not manifestations of poor
scholarship.
(Article VIII, Section 8)
Thus, it is not a matter of discretion on the
part of the teachers in the giving of the
students grades, but rather it is a clear
obligation for the teachers to determine student
academic marks solely based on scholastic
performance. For a teacher to do otherwise, would
be serious academic malpractice or grave
misconduct in the performance of his/her duties.
24In Padilla vs. NLRC, SBC the Supreme Court said
This Court is convinced that the pressure and
influence exerted by (a teacher) on his colleague
to change a failing grade to passing one xxx
constitute serious misconduct which is a valid
ground for dismissing an employee.
25B. As a PARENT Principal Duty to Exercise
Parental Authority and Responsibility
Article 218, Family Code provides
The school, its administrators and teachers xxx
engaged in child care shall have special parental
authority and responsibility over the minor child
while under their supervision, instruction or
custody.
26Code of Ethics states
A teacher shall recognize that the interest and
welfare of learners are his first and foremost
concern, and shall handle each learner justly and
impartially.
(Article VII, Section 2)
27Parental Authority to Discipline
As parents, the teachers shall use discipline
not to punish but to correct, not to force, but
to motivate and not to obey with rigid cadence,
but to choose to follow the right way. Hence,
teachers cannot generally use methods of
punishing or such degree of penalties that a good
mother or a good father would not likely use on
her/his own children.
28Corporal Punishment - Article 233 (2nd par.)
In no case x x x inflict corporal punishment
upon the child.
Definition An act that inflict pain or harm upon
a childs body as punishment for wrong doing
usually through beating and spanking
Elements
- physical contact
- to inflict pain
29- VIII, 8. A teacher shall not inflict corporal
punishment on offending learners nor make
deductions from their scholastic ratings as a
punishment for acts which are clearly not
manifestations of poor scholarship.
30Sale of Tickets Collection of Contribution/
Donations from Pupils / Parents
BP 232, Sec. 9 (9) - students have right to be
free from (voluntary) involuntary contributions
- Improper or unauthorized solicitation of
contributions from subordinate employees and by
teachers or school officials from school children
- VIII, 5. A teacher shall not accept, directly or
indirectly, any remuneration from tutorials other
than what is authorized for such service.
31Anita Y. Salvarria vs. Letran College, et al.
(296 SCRA 184)
The Supreme Court declared--
Petitioner contended that her dismissal was
arbitrarily xxx, having been effected without
just cause, on the premise that the solicitation
of funds xxx was initiated by the students and
that her participation was merely limited to
approving the same. xxx
32 If there is one person more knowledgeable of
xxx policy against illegal exactions from
students, it would be xxx Salavarria. Hence,
regardless of who initiated the collections, the
fact that the same was approved or indorsed by
petitioner, made her in effect the author of the
project.
33 xxx (Department of Education) considers the
act of teachers in xxx contracting loans from
parents of their students xxx not only serious
misconduct but xxx violation of students right
to be free from involuntary contribution xxx.
- USEC Nachura, 13 Feb. 98
34Parental Responsibility
The student / pupil while in school, is in the
custody and hence, the responsibility of the
school authorities as long as he is under the
control and influence of the school, whether the
semester has not yet begun or has already ended.
35In Amadora vs. CA, the Supreme Court said--
Even if the student is just relaxing in the
campus in the company of his classmates, x x x
the student is still within the custody and
subject to the discipline and responsibility of
the teachers x x x.
36Hence--
A teacher required to exercise special parental
authority but who fails to observe all the
diligence of a good father of a family in the
custody and care of the pupils and students,
shall be held liable for gross neglect of duty.
37The Court takes this opportunity to pay a
sincere tribute to the school teachers, who are
always at the forefront in the battle against
illiteracy and ignorance. If only because it is
they who open the minds of their pupils to an
unexplored world awash will the magic of letters
and numbers, which is an extraordinary feat
indeed, these humble mentors deserve all our
respect and appreciation.
38Halleys Comet
A memorandum, as it goes down the chain of
command in an educational institution.
39SUBJECT Operation Halleys Comet FROM
Chairman of the Board of Trustees TO The
President
Tomorrow evening at approximately eight (8) p.m.,
Halleys Comet will be visible in this area, an
event which occurs only once every seventy five
(75) years. Have the students fall out in the
football field in uniforms and I will explain
this rare phenomenon to them. In case of rain,
we will not be able to see anything, so assemble
the students in the auditorium and I will show
them film of it.
40FROM The President TO Vice President for
Academic Affairs
By order of the Chairman of the Board, tomorrow,
at eight in the evening, Halleys Comet will
appear above the football field, if it rains,
fall the students out in uniforms. Then lead
them to the auditorium where the rare phenomenon
will take place, something which occurs only once
every seventy five years.
41FROM Vice President for
Academic Affairs TO College Dean
By order of the Chairman of the Board, in
uniform, at eight oclock in the evening
tomorrow, the phenomenal Halleys Comet will
appear in the auditorium. In case of rain in the
football field, the Chairman of the Board will
give another order, something which occurs once
every seventy five years.aria
42FROM Dean of College TO Academic
Coordinators
Tomorrow at eight oclock in the evening, the
Chairman of the Board will appear in the
auditorium with Halleys Comet, something which
happens every seventy-five years. If it rains,
the Chairman of the Board will order the COMET
into the football area in uniform.
43FROM Academic Coordinators TO Department
Heads
When it rains tomorrow at eight in the
evening, the phenomenal, seventy-five year old
Chairman Halley, accompanied by the President
will drive his Comet thru the football field area
theater in uniform.
44-END-