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Nutrition and Eye Health

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... density has been demonstrated using spinach as a lutein-rich food ... Raw Spinach .1. Tangerine .1. Sources of Lutein Zeaxanthin in mg in 1C. Kale 26.5 ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Nutrition and Eye Health


1
Nutrition and Eye Health
  • Dr. Betty J. Larson, LRD, FADA
  • Concordia College
  • Moorhead, MN 56562

2
Objectives
  • Researchers have suggested that six nutrients are
    correlated with maintaining eye health Vitamins
    C and E, carotenoids lutein, zeaxanthin, and
    beta-carotene and the mineral zinc.
  • On-line dietary risk assessment called Eye on
    Nutrition can be accessed at www.aoa.org/EyeOnNutr
    ition

3
Cataracts
  • A leading cause of blindness worldwide and the
    most costly item on the Medicare budget in the
    US.
  • Risk factors include smoking, exposure to
    sunlight, diabetes, and inflammation.

4
Cataracts
  • Cataracts develop when lens proteins are damaged
    which causes them to become cloudy or opaque.
  • Oxidative stress, principally from ultraviolet
    light is thought to play a crucial role in
    development of cataracts.
  • Two types nuclear and cortical according to
    their location. Less common is subcapsular

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7
Age-Related Macular Degeneration
  • A leading cause of acquired blindness and vision
    impairment among elderly Americans.
  • Prevalence increases dramatically with age
  • Occurs as wet or dry
  • Dry AMD is characterized by perceptual holes
    or inconsistencies in the center of the visual
    field. This is due to a breakdown of cells and
    membranes in the macula, a tiny area at the
    center of the retina in the back of the eye.
  • The macula contains a dense accumulation of cone
    cells which are responsible for providing color
    and fine detail in the center of the visual
    field.

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10
Macular Degeneration Continued
  • When retinal cells are lost, they do not
    regenerate, thus the vision loss from macular
    degeneration is irreversible.
  • Only proven way to delay progression of dry AMD
    is vitamin/ mineral intake.

11
Risk factors for AMD
  • Increased age
  • Female gender
  • Lighter iris color
  • Race
  • Smoking
  • Sunlight Exposure

12
Vitamin C and Cataracts
  • Sources of C include citrus fruits, potatoes,
    berries and green veg.
  • As an antioxidant, vitamin C is useful in
    protecting the lens against free radical
    reactions triggered by UV light.
  • C is water-soluble so penetrates the layers of
    the lens to protect the area.
  • Lens has 20x more C than the plasma.

13
Vitamin C and Cataracts
  • Researchers have found consistent associations
    between higher dietary or plasma vitamin C and a
    reduced risk for cataracts.
  • Nurses Health Study
  • Beaver Dam Eye Study

14
Vitamin E and Cataracts
  • Vitamin E is found in the membranes of all cells
    where it protects them from oxidative damage.
  • Not concentrated in the eye like C but a higher
    intake can increase the amount of E in the retina.

MARGARINE, OILS, SEEDS, NUTS CONTAIN VITAMIN E
15
Vitamin E and Cataracts
  • Mixed results from studies on Vitamin E and the
    eye.
  • Researchers reported from the Beaver Dam Eye
    Study there was a beneficial correlation between
    blood vitamin E concentration and cataract risk.
  • Low blood vitamin E concentration has also been
    associated with an increased risk of cataracts.

16
Cataracts and Other Nutrients
  • Australian researchers found a reduced risk of
    nuclear cataracts with higher dietary intakes or
    other nutrients.

17
Vitamins and AMD
  • Concentrations of vitamin E have been found to be
    protective against age-related macular disease in
    some observational studies but not in all
    studies.
  • Similarly observational studies have generally
    not led to correlations between vitamin C and AMD
    whether based on plasma concentration or dietary
    intake.

18
Clinical Trials and AMD
  • In the Age-Related Eye Disease Study by the
    National Eye Institute tested antioxidant on AMD
    and cataracts researchers found antioxidants
    retarded progression of AMD
  • Supplement given of C, E, beta-carotene, zinc.

19
Carotenoids in Eye Health
  • The eye selectively and exclusively concentrates
    the yellow-color carotenoids lutein and
    zeaxanthin in a layer of retinal tissues than
    overlies the macula region.

20
Carotenoids in the Retina
  • Researchers believe that these two carotenoids
    specifically absorbs near-to-UV blue light, the
    highest-energy and therefore the most damaging
    wavelength of light that actually reaches the
    retina.
  • Another theory is that they serve as an
    antioxidant defense against free radicals.

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22
Macular Pigment Density
  • Capacity to increase macular pigment density has
    been demonstrated using spinach as a lutein-rich
    food or corn as a zeaxanthin-rich food.
  • Eye Disease Case-Control Study researchers found
    AMD risk was significantly lower with increasing
    serum concentrations of lutein Zeaxanthin.

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26
Sources of Lutein in mg in 1Cup
  • Spinach cooked 13.3
  • Raw Cabbage 10.2
  • Broccoli cooked 3.4
  • Peas cooked 3.2
  • Raw Spinach 1.8
  • Raw Broccoli 1.4
  • Raw Greens 1.1
  • Green Pepper .9

27
Sources of Zeaxanthin in mg of 1C
  • Orange Pepper 1.5
  • Corn .8
  • Cooked Spinach .4
  • Romaine .1
  • Raw Spinach .1
  • Tangerine .1

28
Sources of Lutein Zeaxanthin in mg in 1C
  • Kale 26.5
  • Spinach cooked 12.6
  • Broccoli 4.0
  • Spinach raw 3.6
  • Green Peas 2.2
  • Raw Broccoli 2.1
  • Corn 1.5
  • Brussels Sprouts 1.1
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