IPv4 vs' IPv6 AnneMarie Ethier Andrei Iotici

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IPv4 vs. IPv6Anne-Marie EthierAndrei Iotici

• "This report was prepared for Professor L.
  Orozco-Barbosa in partial fulfillment of the
  requirements for the course ELG/CEG 4183
• March 12, 2002

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Presentation Plan

• Introduction
• Major Advantages to IPv6
• Addresses
• Packet Headers
• Autoconfiguration
• Neighbor Discovery
• Security
• Difficult transition

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Introduction

• What is IP?
• The Internet Protocol (IP) is the method or
  protocol by which data is sent from one computer
  to another on the Internet.
• History
• In 1978, the Office of the Secretary of Defense
  (OSD) mandated the use of IPv4 for all
  host-to-host data exchange enabling IPv4 to
  become the mechanism for the military to create
  integrated versus stovepiped communications.

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IP Address Shortage

• Proliferation of Internet devices
• 405M mobile phones sold in 2000
• 1B by 2005
• New emerging populations
• China, Korea, Japan, India, Russia
• Solution IPv6

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Advantages to IPv6

• Larger address space
• Reduce end-to-end delay
• Higher level of security
• Mobility
• No fragmentation
• Network autoconfiguration

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Address Formats

• IPv4
• 32-bit
• Ex 192.156.136.22

• IPv6
• 128 bits
• Ex 10800008800200C417A
• Or in compressed format
• 10808800200C417A

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IPv4 Classes
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IPv6 Address Types

• Unicast
• Global aggregatable
• Site local
• Link local
• IPv4 compatible
• Anycast
• Multicast
• No more broadcast!

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Unicast Addresses

• An address for a single interface
• Global

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Anycast

• An address for a set of interfaces that typically
  belong to different nodes.

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Multicast

• An address for a set of interfaces (in a given
  scope) that typically belong to different nodes.

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IPv4 Packet Header

• The basic IPv4 packet header has 12 fields with a
  total size of 20 octets (160 bits).

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IPv6 Packet Header

• The basic IPv6 packet header has 8 fields with a
  total size of 40 octets (320 bits).

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Neighbor Discovery

• Replaces ARP, ICMP, etc.
• Used for
• Router discovery
• Parameter/Prefix discovery
• Address resolution
• Address auto-configuration
• Can provide the means to renumber home subnets by
  forwarding solicitations to other subnets.

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Autoconfiguration

• Used by Neighbour Discovery
• IPv6 no longer needs
• ARP
• RARP
• DHCP
• BOOTP
• Stateless vs. Stateful

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Security

• Authentication Header (AH)
• IPv6 datagrams not encrypted
• Keyed MD5 hashing algorithm proposed for standard
  authentication algorithm
• Eliminates IP spoofing
• Eliminates Host Masquarading
• Encapsulating Security Payload Header (ESP)
• Provides data integrity and confidentiality
• DES CBC encryption algorithm as standard (2
  Modes)
• Tunnel Mode Whole IP packet encrypted (including
  header)
• Transport Mode Only payload encrypted

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Difficult Transition

• Some have already begun experimenting with IPv6
  on the internet
• Dual IP layer
• IPv6-over-IPv4 tunneling
• For timeline information of the transition
  efforts, browse
• http//www.ietf.org/html.charters/ngtrans-charter.
  html

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Questions

• Q1- What is the main reason for the switch from
  IPv4 to IPv6?
• A1- IP address shortage
• Q2 - Name 2 IPv6 address types and describe the
  reasons why they are used.
• A2 Unicast An address for a single interface.
• Anycast An address for a set of interfaces
  that typically belong to different nodes.
  Assigning a unicast address to more than one
  interface makes a unicast address an anycast
  address
• Multicast An IPv6 multicast address is an
  identifier for a set of interfaces that typically
  belong to different nodes. A packet sent to a
  multicast address is delivered to all interfaces
  identified by the multicast address.

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Questions(next)

• Q3 - Identify 2 differences between the IPv4 and
  IPv6 packet headers.
• A3 IPv6 IPv4
• - 320 bits -160 bits
• - 8 fields - 12 fields
• - Flow Label - Checksum
• Q4 - Explain the concept of "tunneling
• A4 - IPv6-over-IPv4 tunneling offers the
  possibility to encapsulate IPv6 packets within
  IPv4 headers in order to carry them over IPv4
  routing infrastructures.

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Questions(next)

• Q5 - Name the two main aspects in Internet
  security and explain how their uses in IPv6.
• A5 - Authentication Header (AH) only provides
  authentication of the data packet and not
  encryption. This is useful as a standalone when
  confidentiality is not essential and only
  authentication is important.
• Encapsulating Security Payload Header (ESP)
  provides data encryption.

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Bibliography

• TechTarget, (2000), Internet Protocol, Retrieved
  February 24th, 2002 from http//searchnetworking.t
  echtarget.com/sDefinition/0,sid7_gci214031,00.html
  
• Deering, Stephen (2001), Future-Proofing the
  Internet, Retrieved February 24th, 2002 from
  www.cisco.com/warp/public/756/industryanalysts/pre
  sentations/ipv6_presentations.pdf
• Brig, Micheal (2002), A History of the Internet,
  Retrieved February 25th, 2002 from
  http//ngi.spawar.navy.mil/history_of_internet.htm
  l
• Schmid, Stefan (1998), IPv6 benefits, Retrieved
  February 24th, 2002 from http//www.comp.lancs.ac.
  uk/computing/users/sschmid/Spie/node7.html
• Osterman, Shawn (2002), Internet Addresses,
  Retrieved March 12th, 2002 from
  http//oucsace.cs.ohio.edu/osterman/class/cs444.a
  rchive/notes/chap4.pdf