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Third Shift Poultry Worker Training 1

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Third Shift Poultry Worker Training - 1. Introduction To OSHA ... Follow the employer's safety and health rules and wear or use all required gear and equipment ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Third Shift Poultry Worker Training 1


1
Introduction To OSHAThird Shift Poultry Worker
Train-The-Trainer
  • Paul Schlumper, P.E., CSP
  • 404-407-6797
  • Georgia Tech Research Institute

2
Introduction to OSHA
3
Need for Legislation
  • In 1970, Congress considered these annual
    figures
  • Job-related accidents accounted for more than
    14,000 worker deaths
  • Nearly 2-1/2 million workers were disabled
  • Estimated new cases of occupational diseases
    totaled 300,000

4
Is there a need for OSHA Today?
Each year...
  • About 6,000 deaths from workplace injuries
  • An estimated 50,000 deaths from illnesses cause
    by workplace exposures
  • 6 million non-fatal workplace injuries
  • Injuries alone cost U.S. businesses more than
    125 billion

5
Do we need OSHA?
6
Has OSHA made a difference?
YES!
Since 1970 OSHA has
  • Cut the work-related fatality rate in half
  • Reduced overall injury and illness rates in
    industries where OSHA concentrated its attention
  • Virtually eliminated brown lung disease in the
    textile industry, and
  • Reduced trenching and excavation fatalities by 35
    percent

7
What is OSHA?
  • Occupational Safetyand Health Administration
  • Responsible for worker safety and health
    protection

8
Statistics
  • 1971 14,000 Work-related fatalities
  • 56 million workers
  • 3.5 million workplaces
  • 2001 5,900 Work-related fatalities
  • 114 million workers
  • 7 million workplaces
  • 2004 5,703 Work-related fatalities
  • 115 million workers
  • 7.2 million workplaces
  • Fatalities have been reduced by 59

9
OSH Act of 1970
  • PURPOSE
  • " . . . to assure so far as possible every
    working man and woman in the Nation safe and
    healthful working conditions and to preserve our
    human resources."

10
OSHA's Purpose
  • Encourage employers and employees to reduce
    workplace hazards and implement new or improve
    existing SH programs
  • Provide for research in occupational SH
  • Maintain a reporting and recordkeeping system to
    monitor job-related injuries and illnesses
  • Establish occupational SH training programs
  • Develop and enforce mandatory job SH standards
  • Provide for development and approval of state
    occupational SH programs

11
The Act's Coverage
  • Extends to all employers and their employees in
    the 50 states, District of Columbia, Puerto Rico,
    and all other territories under Federal
    Government jurisdiction
  • Coverage provided either directly by federal OSHA
    or through an OSHA-approved state program
  • Employer defined as any "person engaged in a
    business affecting commerce who has employees,
    but does not include the United States (except
    for the U.S. Postal Service) or any State or
    political subdivision of a State
  • Does not cover the self-employed or immediate
    members of farm families that do not employ
    outside workers

12
Federal Employees
  • Federal agency heads must operate comprehensive
    occupational SH programs to ensure compliance
    with OSHA standards
  • OSHA cannot impose monetary penalties against
    another federal agency
  • Compliance issues at local level are raised to
    higher organizational levels until resolved

13
State and Local Governments
  • OSHA provisions do not apply to state and local
    governments in their role as employers
  • Any state seeking OSHA approval for its own SH
    program must provide coverage for these employees
  • State plans may also cover only public sector
    employees

14
What does OSHA require?
  • Determine which OSHA standards apply to your
    workplace
  • Follow the OSHA standards and requirements

15
What are employers rightsand responsibilities?
  • Employers must provide a safe and healthful
    workplace free of recognized hazards and follow
    the OSHA standards
  • The OSH Act grants employers important rights,
    particularly during and after an OSHA inspection
  • Employers also provide training, medical
    examinations and recordkeeping

16
What are workers responsibilities?
  • Read the OSHA poster
  • Follow the employers safety and health rules and
    wear or use all required gear and equipment
  • Follow safe work practices for your job, as
    directed by your employer
  • Report hazardous conditions to a supervisor or
    safety committee
  • Report hazardous conditions to OSHA, if employers
    do not fix them
  • Cooperate with OSHA inspectors

(see OSHAs Workers web page for more
information)
17
What are workers rights?
  • Workers have a vital role to play in identifying
    and correcting problems in their workplaces,
    working with their employers whenever possible
  • Workers can complain to OSHA about workplace
    conditions threatening their health or safety in
    person, by telephone, by fax, by mail or
    electronically through OSHAs web site
  • Section 11(c) of the OSH Act gives workers the
    right to seek safe and healthful conditions on
    the job without being disciplined or fired
  • (see OSHAs Workers web page for more
    information)

18
OSHAs Workers Page
19
Standards
  • OSHA is responsible for promulgating legally
    enforceable standards
  • Where OSHA has not promulgated specific
    standards, employers are responsible for
    following the Act's General Duty Clause
  • States with OSHA-approved programs must set
    standards at least as effective as federal
    standards

20
General Duty Clause
  • Each employer "shall furnish . . . a place of
    employment which is free from recognized hazards
    that are causing or are likely to cause death or
    serious physical harm to his employees."

21
Categories of Standards
  • General Industry
  • Construction
  • Maritime
  • Agriculture

22
Where to Get OSHA Standards
  • Federal Register in public libraries or at the
    GPO web site
  • CD-ROM subscription through U.S. Government
    Printing Office (GPO)
  • Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) in public
    libraries and through GPO
  • OSHA web site - OSHA standards, interpretations,
    directives (www.osha.gov)

23
Standards Development
  • OSHA can begin standards-setting procedures on
    its own, or in response to petitions from other
    parties, including
  • Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS)
  • National Institute for Occupational Safety and
    Health (NIOSH)
  • State and local governments
  • Nationally recognized standards producing
    organizations
  • Employer or labor representatives
  • Any other interested person

24
Standards Adoption
  • Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (Optional)
  • Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
  • terms of new rule
  • provide specific time (30 days min.) for public
    to respond
  • Public hearing (may be requested by interested
    parties)
  • Final rule published in Federal Register

25
Emergency Temporary Standard (ETS)
  • OSHA is authorized to set an ETS that takes
    effect immediately if OSHA determines that
  • Workers are in grave danger due to exposure to
    toxic or physically harmful substances
  • ETS is needed to protect them
  • ETS is published in Federal Register, where it
    also serves as a proposed permanent standard
  • ETS then subject to usual procedure for adopting
    a permanent standard except that a final ruling
    must be made within six months

26
Appealing a Standard
  • Any person who may be adversely affected by a
    final or emergency standard may file a petition
    (within 60 days of the rule's promulgation) for
    judicial review with the U.S. Court of Appeals.
  • Appeals petition will not delay enforcement of a
    standard, unless the Court of Appeals
    specifically orders it.

27
Temporary variance may be granted to an employer
who cannot comply with a standard by its
effective date due to unavailability of
personnel, materials or equipment, or because
necessary construction or alteration of
facilities cannot be completed in time.Permanent
variance (alternative to a particular requirement
or standard) may be granted to employers who
prove their abatement plan will provide a safe
and healthful workplace as effectively as would
compliance with the standard.
  • Variances

28
Recordkeeping and Reporting
  • Employers of 11 or more employees must maintain
    records of occupational injuries and illnesses as
    they occur.
  • Employers with 10 or fewer employees are exempt
    from recordkeeping unless selected by BLS to
    participate in the Annual Survey.
  • Certain low-hazard employers (e.g., retail trade,
    finance, insurance, real estate) are not required
    to keep records.
  • All employers must comply with OSHA standards,
    display the OSHA poster, and report to OSHA
    within 8 hours any accident that results in a
    fatality or hospitalization of 3 or more
    employees.

29
Recordkeeping Forms
  • Maintained on a calendar year basis
  • Must be maintained for 5 years at the
    establishment and be available for inspection
  • Summary of records for the previous year must be
    posted from February through April
  • Must be certified by the highest ranking official
    working at the establishment.

30
Workplace Inspections
  • Every establishment covered by the OSH Act is
    subject to inspection by OSHA compliance safety
    and health officers (CSHO's)
  • Most inspections are conducted without advance
    notice

31
Inspection Priorities
  • 1. Imminent Danger (any condition where there is
    a reasonable certainty that a danger exists that
    can be expected to cause death or serious
    physical harm immediately, or before the danger
    can be eliminated through normal enforcement
    procedures)
  • 2. Fatalities and Catastrophes (resulting in
    hospitalization of 3 or more employees)
  • 3. Employee Complaints/Referrals
  • 4. Programmed High-Hazard Inspections

32
Inspection Process
  • CSHO displays official credentials
  • Opening conference
  • Walkaround inspection
  • Closing conference

33
Conducting the Walkaround Inspection
  • CSHO and accompanying representatives (employer
    and employee) inspect the establishment for
    potentially hazardous working conditions
  • CSHO discusses possible corrective actions with
    the employer
  • CSHO may consult, at times privately, with
    employees

34
What happens after an OSHA inspection?
  • OSHA may or may not issue citations
  • Citations inform employer and employees of the
    regulations and standards allegedly violated and
    of the proposed time for abatement
  • Employer must post a copy of each citation at or
    near place where violation occurred, for 3 days
    or until violation is corrected, whichever is
    longer

35
Citations and Penalties
  • After CSHO reports findings, the area director
    determines what citations, if any, will be
    issued, and what penalties, if any, will be
    proposed
  • Citations inform employer and employees of the
    regulations and standards allegedly violated and
    of the proposed time for abatement
  • Citations and notices of proposed penalties are
    sent by certified mail
  • Employer must post a copy of each citation at or
    near place where violation occurred, for 3 days
    or until violation abated, whichever is longer

36
Types of Violations
  • Other Than Serious
  • Serious
  • Willful
  • Repeated

37
Other Than Serious Violation
  • Violation that has a direct relationship to job
    safety and health, but probably would not cause
    death or serious physical harm
  • Penalty of up to 7,000 is discretionary

38
Serious Violation
  • Violation where there is substantial probability
    that death or serious physical harm could result
    and that the employer knew, or should have known,
    of the hazard
  • Penalty of up to 7,000 is mandatory

39
Willful Violation
  • An intentional violation of the Act or plain
    indifference to its requirements
  • Penalties of up to 70,000, with a minimum
    penalty of 5,000 for each violation
  • If violation results in death of an employee, a
    fine up to 250,000 for an individual, or
    500,000 for a corporation, and/or imprisonment
    for up to six months may be imposed for a
    criminal conviction

40
Repeated Violation
  • Substantially similar violation found upon
    reinspection
  • Penalties of up to 70,000 for each violation

41
Additional Violations
  • Falsifying records, reports or applications can
    bring a fine of 10,000 or up to 6 months in
    jail, or both.
  • Violations of posting requirements can bring a
    penalty up to 7,000.
  • Assaulting a compliance officer or interfering
    with their duties is a criminal offense, subject
    to fine of not more than 5,000 and imprisonment
    for not more than 3 years.

42
Failure to Abate
  • Failure to abate a prior violation may bring a
    penalty of up to 7,000 for each day the
    violation continues beyond the prescribed
    abatement date.

43
Appeals by Employees
  • If an inspection was initiated by employee
    complaint, employee or authorized representative
    may request an informal review of any decision
    not to issue a citation
  • Employees may not contest citations, amendments
    to citations, penalties or lack of penalties
  • May contest time for abatement
  • May also contest employer's Petition for
    Modification of Abatement (PMA), which requests
    an extension of the abatement period

44
Appeals by Employers
  • When issued a citation or notice of proposed
    penalty, employer may request an informal meeting
    with OSHA's area director, who is authorized to
    enter into settlement agreement
  • Employer may request an extension of abatement
    period through a PMA
  • Employers may contest either the citation,
    abatement period, or proposed penalty within 15
    working days of receipt through a written "Notice
    of Contest"

45
OSHA-Approved State Programs
  • OSH Act encourages states to develop and operate,
    under OSHA guidance, state job SH plans
  • OSHA funds up to 50 percent of approved program's
    cost
  • Must be at least as effective as the federal
    program
  • Must cover state and local government employees
  • May limit coverage to public sector
  • Must keep pace with federal standards

46
Strategic Management Plan
  • Goal 1 Reduce occupational hazards through
    direct intervention
  • Goal 2 Promote a safety and health culture
    through compliance assistance, cooperative
    programs, and strong leadership
  • Goal 3 Maximize OSHA effectiveness and
    efficiency by strengthening our capabilities and
    infrastructure

47
OSHAs Strategic Management Plan
  • By 2008 reduce the rates of workplace fatalities
    by 15 and workplace injuries and illnesses by 20

48
Region IV and National Emphasis Programs
  • Of 38,579 inspections conducted by OSHA in FY06,
    18,895 were related to LEPs
  • Falls in Construction
  • Overhead Power Lines
  • Landscaping
  • Sanitation in Meatpacking, Poultry and Fish
    Processing
  • Power Industrial Trucks
  • Amputations in Construction and Manufacturing
  • Silica
  • National Emphasis Program on Trenching

49
Most Frequently Cited Serious Violations in
General Industry FY 2006
Machine Guards - General
Hazard Communication Written Program
Point of Operation
Open-Sided Floors
Hazard Communication Information Training
Eye Body Flushing Facilities
Lockout/Tagout - Program
Grinders-Tongue Guards
Lockout/Tagout - Procedures
Conductors Entering Cabinets/Boxes/Fittings
Protected from Abrasion

Note There were also 1222 Section 5(a)(1)
General Duty Clause violations cited for all
inspections during this period.
50
Most Frequently Cited Serious Violationsin
Construction FY 2006
Fall protection - Unprotected sides edges
Fall protection Residential construction 6 or
more
Head protection
Scaffolds - Fall protection
Aerial lifts Body belt lanyard
Standard Subpart - 1926.
Fall hazards training program
Scaffolds - Access
-
-
Portable ladders 3 feet above landing surface
Scaffolds - Platform construction
Employee training programs
There were also 362 Section 5(a)(1) violations
cited in construction SIC codes (1500 1799)
during this period.
51
Sources of Assistance
  • OSHA web site (www.osha.gov)
  • Consultation assistance
  • Federal and State area offices
  • Speakers, publications, a/v aids, technical
    advice
  • Training and education
  • OSHA Training Institute (OTI) and the OTI
    Education Centers
  • OSHA Outreach Training Program
  • OSHA Office of General Industry Compliance
    Assistance
  • OSHA Office of State Programs
  • Voluntary Protection Programs

52
Consultation Assistance
  • Largely funded by OSHA, provided at no cost to
    employer
  • Primarily developed for smaller employers with
    more hazardous operations
  • Delivered by state government agencies or
    universities employing professional safety and
    health consultants
  • No penalties are proposed or citations issued
  • Possible violations of OSHA standards are not
    reported to OSHA enforcement staff unless
    employer fails to eliminate or control any
    serious hazard or imminent danger

53
Consultation Assistance
  • Provided at no cost to employer
  • Developed for smaller employers with more
    hazardous operations
  • Delivered by state government agencies or
    universities employing professional safety and
    health consultants
  • No penalties are proposed or citations issued
  • Possible violations of OSHA standards are not
    reported to OSHA enforcement staff unless
    employer fails to eliminate or control any
    serious hazard or imminent danger

54
Voluntary Protection Programs (VPPs)
  • Cooperative approach to expand worker protection
  • Three VPPs - Star, Merit, and Demonstration -
    designed to
  • Recognize outstanding SH programs
  • Motivate others to achieve similar excellent SH
    results
  • Establish cooperative relationship among
    employers, employees, and OSHA

55
Training and Education
  • OSHA's area offices are full-service centers
    offering speakers, publications, audiovisual
    aids on workplace hazards, and technical advice.
  • OSHA Training Institute (OTI) in Des Plaines, IL,
    provides training and education in safety and
    health for federal and state compliance officers,
    state consultants, other federal agencies, and
    the private sector.
  • OTI Education Centers conduct courses for the
    private sector and other Federal agencies

56
Sources of Reference
  • www.osha.gov
  • E-tools, standards, presentations, etc.
  • www.oshainfo.gatech.edu
  • Free, on-site safety and health consultation
  • Completely confidential from OSHA
  • www.ProjectSafeGeorgia.org
  • Assistance for small businesses
  • www.asse-ga.org
  • Trench safety task force

57
OSHA Website
http//www.osha.gov
  • Ergonomics page
  • Guidelines
  • E-Tools
  • Success Stories

58
OSHA Web Site(www.osha.gov)
  • About OSHA (contacts, programs . . .)
  • Events (conferences, hearings . . .)
  • Library/Reading Room (statistics . . .)
  • News Room (publications, news releases . . .)
  • Outreach (technical links, training . . .)
  • Regulations Compliance (standards . . .)

59
Georgia Tech
http//www.oshainfo.gatech.edu
  • Training Materials
  • OTI Courses
  • Safety Consultation

60
OSHA Emergency Hot-Line1-800-321-OSHA
  • Hot-line for reporting workplace safety or health
    emergencies
  • Provides a 24-hour point of contact to report
    imminent dangers on the job

61
Summary
  • OSHA helps save lives and prevent injuries
  • OSHA balances a cooperative approach with
    traditional enforcement
  • OSHA standards are the enforceable requirements
    for worker safety and health
  • Inspections are OSHAs way to ensure compliance
  • OSHA offers various means of assistance

62
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