The Proposed Indiabased Neutrino Observatory INOStatus

1
The Proposed India-basedNeutrino
Observatory(INO-Status)

• Naba K Mondal
• Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
• INO Interaction Meeting
• Kolkata, 31st March, 2003

2
Neutrino Physics in India

• Indian initiative in Neutrino Physics goes back
  nearly 35 years.
• Demonstrated for the first time the feasibility
  of doing neutrino experiment at KGF .
• International collaboration experiment to detect
  atmospheric neutrinos started at KGF in 1964.
• Detection of atmospheric neutrino in 1965
• KGF data during the proton decay era was used to
  look for ultra high energy neutrino sources in
  the sky.
• Bounds on neutrino masses using cosmological
  data.
• Estimation of atmospheric neutrino flux.

3
Atmospheric Neutrinos
Atmospheric neutrino detector at Kolar Gold Field
1964
4
KGF Nucleon Decay Expt.
5
Iron Calorimeter
6
Gran Sasso Example

• A. Zichichi conceived the idea of building a
  large underground laboratory close to the Gran
  Sasso freeway tunnel in 1979.
• It formally became one of the INFN national
  laboratory in 1986.
• Currently it has 20 running experiments.

7
INO Collaboration
B.S.Acharya, Sudeshna Banerjee, P.N.Bhat,
S.R.Dugad, P.Ghosh, K.S.Gothe S.K.Gupta,
S.D.Kalmani, N. Krishnan, N. K Mondal, B.K.Nagesh
, P.Nagaraj, Biswajit Paul, A.K.Ray,
B.Satyanarayana, S.Upadhaya, P.Verma Tata
Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha
Road, Mumbai   V.M.Datar Bhabha Atomic Research
Centre, Mumbai P. Bhattacharya, S.Bhattacharya,
S. Chattopadhyay, A.Ghoshal, A.Goswami K. Kar,
D.Majumdar, P.B.Pal, S. Saha, M. Sharan,
S.Sarkar, S.Sen Saha Institute of Nuclear
Physics, Kolkata  S. Chattopadhyay, M.R.Datta
Mazumdar, P.Ghosh, G.S.N.Murthy, T.Nayak,
Y.P.Viyogi Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre,
Kolkata  Amitava Raychaudhuri Calcutta
University, Kolkata  M.V.N.Murthy,
D.Indumathi Institute of Mathematical Sciences,
Chennai  A. Datta, R.Gandhi, S.Goswami, S.
Rakshit, P.Mehta Harish Chandra Research
Institute, Allahabad  S.C.Phatak,
D.P.Mahapatra IOP, Bhubaneswar Amit Roy Nuclear
Science Centre, New Delhi J.B.Singh, M.M.Gupta,
V.Bhatnagar Panjab University, Chandigarh   S.D.Sh
arma Himachal Pradesh University,
Simla A.Joshipura, S.Rindani P.R.L.,
Ahmedabad A.Bhadra,B.Ghosh,A.Mukherjee,S.K.Sarkar
North Bengal University S.Umasankar IIT,
Mumbai S.K.Singh AMU Scientific Advisors
G.Rajasekaran, Bikash Sinha, Ramnath Cowsik,
V.S.Narasimham, H.S.Mani, Amit Roy  
8
Current Initiative

• Two phase approach
• Phase I 2 Yrs.
• Detector R D
• Site survey
• Human resource development through training and
  workshops
• Phase II
• Construction of the detector
• Detector Possibilities
• Magnetised iron with RPCs or glass spark
  chambers.
• Alternate detector design.
• Should be an international facility

9
Measurement of disappearance
The disappearance probability can be measured
with a single detector and two equal sources
L
q
1 - sin2 (2Q) sin2 (1.27 Dm2 L/E)
L
q
L
10
INO Detector Concept
INO IRON CALORIMETER
11
Glass Spark Chamber
It is an RPC with electrodes made of standard
float glass instead of Bakelite with a completely
different design approach developed at LNGS.
Spacers by injection molding (2 mm)

Float Glass
End caps by injection molding
12
Current Activities

• Detector Development.
• Detector Simulation.
• Physics Studies.
• Data Acquisition System.
• Site Survey.
• International Collaboration.

13
Glass Spark Chamber R D
Started working on Detector R D
14
Glass Spark Chamber R D
15
Gas Mixing Unit
16
Detector Simulation
Started working on detector simulation using the
GEANT Package to optimize the detector design.
17
Physics Capabilities of INO
Work in Progress on INO Physics capabilities
18
Other Physics potential

• Cosmic ray studies using multiple muon air
  shower on surface
• Search for magnetic monopoles
• Search for WIMPs
• Additional studies on Kolar Events, Double core
  events, anomalous cascades
• Neutrinos from factories

19
Possible INO sites

• PUSHEP (Pykara Ultimate Stage Hydro Electric
  Project)
• RAMMAM Hydro Electric Project Site

20
PUSHEP
21
Location of Rammam
22
Topo Map of Rammam
23
International Collaboration

• Such a facility has to be an international
  effort.
• A small beginning in detector collaboration with
  Gran Sasso Laboratory.
• Discussing with JHF proponents on a possible very
  long base line beam towards INO.
• There are lot more to achieve
• Detector R D
• Associated Electronics
• Simulation software
• US has long term commitment towards neutrino
  physics. India has started R D effort in this
  direction. We are discussing with them also for
  joint development of detector and electronics.

24
Work to do

• Detector R D
• Need to complete work on efficiency and noise
  studies for RPCs using different mixed gas. 
• A gas mixing unit with four inputs is getting
  ready at TIFR.
• Similar work is underway at SINP.
• Design of HV connector, gas inlet-outlet, pickup
  electrodes survey for related materials.
• Gas circulation system.
• Need to start work on the 12 layer Prototype
  detector. Size 1 m X 1 m.
• 1000 Channel of electronics and associated
  trigger and DAQ system for the prototype
  detector.
• Market survey on low carbon iron (C10 ?)
• Magnet coil design, Cost, Identifying vendors
  etc.
• Detector Engineering issues including machining
  of iron, FEA studies.

25
Work To do

• Simulation
• Neutrino flux at PUSHEP and Rammam
• Neutrino Generator
• Detector Simulation and digitisation
• Event reconstruction ( momentum measurement)
• Need to quickly complete simulation of
  atmospheric neutrinos and demonstrate the
  sensitivity of the detector
• physics subgroup to checks the results and to
  suggest new physics ideas to simulate .
  Phenomenologists who are not yet involved  could
  participate here.

26
Work to do

• Site Survey and site preparation
• Interact with various agencies involved in
  survey.
• Interact with engineering farms involved in
  tunnel making.
• Getting realistic ideas on cost and time required
  to complete tunnel as well as underground
  chamber.
• Permission from various agencies.
• Environmental impact survey

27
Work to do

• Electronics
• Front end discriminator
• Hit information Latch
• Timing information TDCs
• Trigger
• Data Acquisition
• Slow control
• Build electronics for the Prototype now and
• Simultaneously concentrate on final system design
• FPGA /ASIC ?

28
Work to do

• Manpower development
• Short term solution.
• Long term goal.
• A subgroup may be formed. Members will have
  the responsibility for outreach programs and
  creating awareness among students and faculty
  with the goal of generating human resources.
• Collaboration related administrative work
• Time to start working on the final draft for the
  comprehensive project report with inputs from all
  these activities.

29
Summary

• Neutrino Physics has come to the center stage of
  HEP research.
• India has made pioneering contributions in this
  field at Kolar Gold Field.
• Nationwide interest for building a Neutrino
  Detector in the country exists and has been
  growing .
• A large section of the theoretical particle
  physics community in India also working in this
  area.
• Most of Neutrino Physics is yet to be discovered.
  
• Such a program in India will complement our
  accelerator based programs.
• Looking forward for support and more
  participation from the scientific community in
  India and abroad.