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Why do we need the subjunctive

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Latin has three moods: indicative, imperative, and subjunctive. ... In Latin, many subordinate clauses use the subjunctive mood. So far, you have seen three types: ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Why do we need the subjunctive


1
Why do we need the subjunctive?
  • Subordinate/Dependent Clauses

2
Mood
  • Latin has three moods indicative, imperative,
    and subjunctive.
  • The indicative is used in main clauses and refers
    to the six tenses, active and passive, that you
    have already learned.
  • The imperative is used for commands.
  • The subjunctive is mainly used in subordinate
    clauses.

3
Clauses
  • A clause is a group of words containing a verb.
  • There are two types of clauses main, or
    independent and subordinate, or dependent.
  • Main clauses can stand alone as complete
    sentences.
  • Subordinate clauses cant stand alone but must
    accompany a main clause.

4
Subordinate Clauses
  • In Latin, many subordinate clauses use the
    subjunctive mood.
  • So far, you have seen three types
  • 1) Cum circumstantial (cumwhen)
  • Ex. Cum quattuor dies navigavissemus, subito
    maxima tempestas coorta est.
  • 2) Cum causal (cumsince, because)
  • Ex. Magister navis, cum valde timeret, suos
    vetuit nos adiuvare.

5
Indirect Questions
  • The third type of clause is an indirect question.
  • Direct question Qui estis? (Who are you?)
  • Indirect question Piratae rogabant qui essemus.
    (The pirates asked who we were.)
  • A direct question can use quotation marks, while
    an indirect question does not.

6
Translations for you to try
  • Grammaticus Sextum rogavit ubi esset Hesperia.
  • Cum prope rivum ambularemus, Corneliam et Flaviam
    clamantes audivimus.
  • Cum neque cibum neque aquam haberent, aegerrimi
    erant.

7
In summary
  • There are three moods with Latin verbs
    indicative, imperative, and subjunctive.
  • The subjunctive is most commonly used in
    subordinate clauses.
  • You have seen three subordinate clause types
    cum circumstantial, cum causal, and indirect
    question.
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