TCPIP, Windows, DNS

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TCP/IP, Windows, DNS
2
Overall

• How Things Work

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• Problem Computer B wishes to contact Computer
  A. A B in same subnet. No DNS.

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• Problem Computer B wishes to contact Computer
  A. A B in same subnet. No DNS.
• B broadcasts a NetBIOS name query.
• A responds with As IP address.
• B ands As IP address same subnet.
• B broadcasts the desired message to As IP
  address.

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• Problem Computer B wishes to contact Computer
  A. Computers A B in different subnets. DNS
  server available.

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• Problem Computer B wishes to contact Computer
  A. Computers A B in different subnets. DNS
  server available.
• B knows IP address of DNS server.
• B broadcasts a message to the DNS server.
• DNS server resolves As fully-qualified name
  (matches IP address with name). DNS server
  broadcasts to B a message containing As IP
  address.
• B ands As IP address to determine that A is
  not in Bs subnet.
• B broadcasts message to gateway computer asking
  it to forward the message on to A..

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• Problem B.right.acme.com wishes to contact
  A.left.acme.com which is in a different
  workgroup. DNS server available.
• No Problem. B contacts DNS server which resolves
  As IP address for B.
• B ands As IP address. If same subnet, B
  broadcasts. If different subnet, B sends its
  message to gateway computer for routing to A.

8

• Problem John Doe computer B are members of
  acme.com domain. John wishes to access the
  acme.com database of valuable baseball trading
  cards on domain controller A.
• John turns on B and logs onto acme.com. In other
  words, B sends a message to A.acme.com, the
  domain controller. The active directory service
  on A determines John can log on and communicates
  permission to John.
• John next need the right to access the file
  server and permission to access its database.

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TCP IP

• Learn About the Following

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Tell Me Everything You Know About?

• IP
• TCP

11
Tell Me Everything You Know About?

• ping
• ipconfig
• arp
• browse

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Tell Me Everything You Know About?

• IP address
• subnets
• subnet masks
• gateways
• preferred DNS server
• where you configure these variables?

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Windows

• Where Questions

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Tell Me Where to Go?

• Sharing a file with other network users
• Changing a computers name
• Joining a domain or workgroup
• Browsing the network
• Configuring a node

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Tell Me Where to Go?

• Adding a record to DNS
• Installing a NICs driver
• Creating a new domain
• Adding a new network service
• Housecleaning

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DNS

• Read the Textbook

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DNS is about Names.

• Hierarchical.
• Top level shows type of organization.
• Second level names the organization.
• Third level reveals a organizational division.
• Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) is the
  complete name of a node.

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DNS Activities

• Primary DNS job is supplying IP addresses
  called Name Resolution.
• A less-frequent task is supplying DNS names given
  IP addresses called Reverse Query. (Needed for
  security authentication)

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DNS Covering the Network

• Zone, zone file, and Primary Name Server
• Secondary Name Server and Zone Transfer.
• Recursive queries forwarders

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DNS Database Records

• SOA (authoritative server of domain)
• NS (domains other name servers)
• A (nodes name to nodes IP address)
• Cname (nodes alias if it goes by 2 names)
• Pointer (reverse lookup IP address to name)
• SRV (servers that operate special services)
• MX (mail exchanging server)

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DNS (Ch 11) and Active Directory (Ch 12)

• Similarities
• Both concern domains.
• Differences
• DNS has the phone book analogy. DNS is concerned
  with communication between domains. DNS is a
  database of names.
• Active Directory has a prison guard list analogy.
  It is a database of detailed rights given to
  people and computers.
• Name Server (DNS) and Domain Controller (AD)

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Too Many Groups

• User Computer Groups
• Organizational Units
• Tree Forest
• Site
• Cluster

• Subnet
• Workgroup
• DNS Domain
• Zone
• AD Domain

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Other Chapter 11 Topics (Not Covered)

• Older non-hierarchical names NetBIOS names were
  one word names.
• Name Resolution with NetBIOS names
• WINS
• LMHosts
• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) let
  the computer assign IP addresses to client
  computers.

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TransmissionTypes or Characteristics
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Transmission Types

• Unicast, Broadcast, Multicast
• Unidirectional, Bi-directional
• Simplex, Half-duplex, and Full Duplex
• Baseband and Broadband
• Parallel and Serial Transmission
• Synchronous and Asynchronous

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Transmission Type Questions

• Describe
• 19th Century Telegraph

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Transmission Type Questions

• Describe
• 19th Century Telegraph
• Original 19th century telegraph line was
  bi-directional, half-duplex, baseband, serial,
  async.

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Transmission Type Questions

• Describe
• Printer hanging off a computer

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Transmission Type Questions

• Describe
• Printer hanging off a computer
• unidirectional, parallel, async transmission

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Transmission Type Questions

• Describe
• 10BaseT Ethernet

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10BaseT Ethernet

• 10BaseT Ethernet is bi-directional and uses two
  pairs of wires (see page B21). However they
  still made it half-duplex.
• This changed with 100BaseTX which is full duplex.
• The Base in 10BaseT and 100BaseTX stands for
  baseband.
• With the Ethernet header containing the MAC
  address, the transmission is async.

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Transmission Type Questions

• Describe
• T1
• Frame Relay

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T1 Frame Relay

• When you read about T1 services on pages F4 F8,
  you see that T1 uses sync instead of async.
• Frame Relay obviously breaks transmissions into
  packets (frames). Nevertheless, frame relay is a
  sync service.
• Sync is typically better for high volume traffic.

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Example from Telecosm

• In 1999, state-of-the-art fiber
• 864 fibers in a cable
• 1,000 wavelengths per fiber
• 10,000,000,000 bps per wavelength
• Multiplying 8 peta-bps
• 8 Peta-bps was the total internet traffic in 1995
  per month.