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Emotion and electronic media

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Robert Masters makes the following distinctions between affect, ... Adaptive in that they provide a burst of energy and quick reaction to threat or frustration ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Emotion and electronic media


1
Emotion and electronic media
2
What is emotion?
  • Robert Masters makes the following distinctions
    between affect, feeling and emotion "As I define
    them, affect is an innately structured,
    non-cognitive evaluative sensation that may or
    may not register in consciousness feeling is
    affect made conscious, possessing an evaluative
    capacity that is not only physiologically based,
    but that is often also psychologically (and
    sometimes relationally) oriented and emotion is
    psychosocially constructed, dramatized feeling.
  • Source Wikipedia

3
  • Emotions are a complicated mixture of cognition,
    affect, and motivation that generate physical
    expressions, often involuntary, toward elements,
    objects or relations between them, in reality or
    in the imagination.

4
What defines which emotion we are feeling?
  • Miron The dedicate neural pathway that is being
    stimulated.
  • Different pathways are excited depending upon the
    emotion in question. However, some are quite
    similar and therefore have to be defined by the
    individual as one emotion rather than another
    (anger v. fear)

5
Why havent emotions been replaced with higher
order thinking?
  • Miron, etc. Survival value maintained anger,
    sorrow, love, fear, etc. until civilization, etc.
    There are still advantages for several of the
    emotions in that they provide coherence of
    thought, feeling and action in regards to general
    situationsanger for frustration, love for
    sexuality and nurturance, fear for
    self-preservation in the face of a threat.

6
Where do they come from?
  • Are they innate or are they learned?
  • Yes!!!

7
Innate emotions
  • There are said to be a few emotions that are
    hard-wired into our brains. The so-called fight
    or flight reactions are considered by most to be
    basic
  • Fear
  • Anger
  • Adaptive in that they provide a burst of energy
    and quick reaction to threat or frustration

8
Social emotions
  • Emotions that allow you to interact with others
    effectively and to maintain social bonds
  • Love
  • Friendship
  • Empathy
  • Learned early through the positive relationships
    between mom and food, etc.
  • Located in higher mammalian brain

9
The experience of emotion
  • Psychophysiological effects are often autonomic
    in that they do not require thinking
  • Often override more logical, evaluative brain
    functions when the emotional intensity is high
  • Feelings are learned along with situations,
    people, etc.
  • Similar people or situations may bring about the
    same feelings and the same feelings may bring
    about memories of the situations or people they
    were encoded with

10
  • The body frequently responds to Shame by warmth
    in the upper chest and face, Fear by a heightened
    heartbeat, increased "flinch" response, and
    increased muscle tension. The sensations
    connected with anger are nearly indistinguishable
    from fear. Happiness is often felt as an
    expansive or swelling feeling in the chest and
    the sensation of lightness or buoyancy, as if
    standing underwater. Sadness by a feeling of
    tightness in the throat and eyes, and relaxation
    in the arms and legs. Desire can be accompanied
    by a dry throat and heavy breathing.
  • Source Wikipedia

11
  • Ekman found that at least some facial expressions
    and their corresponding emotions are not
    culturally determined, but universal to human
    culture and thus biological in origin, as Charles
    Darwin had once theorized.
  • Expressions he found to be universal included
    anger, disgust, fear, joy, sadness and surprise.
    Findings on contempt are less clear, though there
    is at least some preliminary evidence for its
    being universally recognized.

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Abraham Maslow
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Robert Plutchiks model of primary and derived
emtions
19
Why are we drawn to emotional content?
  • Miron All arousal (emotions have a component
    that is arousal) is inherently pleasurable
  • The main driving force for human action is to
    seek pleasure and avoid pain
  • Zillmann We enjoy watching the good guys
    rewarded and the bad guys punished. The
    enjoyment is enhanced by the wrong thing
    happening prior to an appropriate conclusion

20
Why are we drawn to emotional content?
  • Some emotions generate positive feelings through
    natural drugs (dopamine) released as part of
    emotional processing
  • Emotions are encoded along with cognitions,
    perceptions, behaviors and outcomes. When the
    outcomes are rewarding, the emotions become tied
    to them and are called up at appropriate future
    timesespecially when a lack of some important
    condition is identified (food, warmth, sex)

21
  • Freud Sublimated base drives continually emerge
    from unconscious, can better be played out in
    observing others engaging in animalistic
    behavioryou dont risk the societal consequences
    yourself

22
Okay, so why would simply watching someone else
stir my emotions?
  • Empathy
  • Zillmann An understanding of the
    constraints/conditions of another leads to
    sympathy for them
  • Cohen Place yourself in the position of the
    character and imagine the conditions happening to
    you
  • Mirror neurons you dont know the difference
    between yourself acting and another acting

23
What parts of a presentation have an effect on my
emotions?
  • Snakes, spiders, attacking wild animals, etc.
  • Facesjust as they are universal, faces are also
    especially compelling in generating an emotional
    effect
  • Action
  • Voice
  • Music
  • Lossespecially of a loved one (even when
    depicted)

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Major emotions
  • Sadness/sorrow
  • Sources
  • Loss of significant other/love/affiliation
  • Empathy for those in pain/poor circumstance

27
  • Anger
  • Frustration
  • Control by outside force

28
  • Fear
  • Threat
  • Darkness, snakes and spiders
  • Socially-learned fears
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