WEEE, RoHS, EuP, REACH, IPP

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WEEE, RoHS, EuP, REACH, IPP ISOTR14062

• Professor Martin Charter
• Director
• The Centre for Sustainable Design
• Martin Charter Associates

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Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment
(WEEE) Directive Objectives

• The reduction of waste electrical and electronic
  equipment
• going to landfill
• To increase re-use, recycling and other forms of
  recovery, and therefore help conserve the worlds
  limited resources.
• To improve the environmental performance of all
  operators in the life cycle of electrical and
  electronic products.

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Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment
(WEEE) Directive Coverage

• Producer means all companies that sell in the EU
• manufacturing selling EEE under own brand
• companies reselling under own brand others
  products
• companies professionally importing or exporting
  into the EU
• first holder
• Includes distance selling, internet sales, etc

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Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment
(WEEE) Directive Background

• Published February 2003
• Member States (MS) transposition by August 2004
• This is an Article 175 Directive which sets
  minimum levels and means that WEEE will be
  transposed differently in separate MS
• Basic Requirements electronics producers to
  establish and finance systems for the collection
  and recycling of separately collected electronic
  products from the 13th August 2005 .
• Meet recovery and recycling targets according to
  product category by the 31st December 2006
• The separation of hazardous components and
  materials at end of life also by 31st December
  2006

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Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment
(WEEE) Directive Collection

• Member States must ensure that 4 kg of WEEE from
  private households is collected on average per
  inhabitant per year beginning December 31, 2006
• New collection targets will be set by Dec 31,
  2008 based on the percentage of quantities of EEE
  sold to private households in the preceding
  years
• Consumers can return WEEE free of charge
• Retailers must offer free take-back
• Business to Business commercial arrangements

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Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment
(WEEE) Directive Financial Requirements

• Producers of all new products sold on the EU
  market after August 13, 2005 will be financially
  responsible for their own waste
• Provide a financial guarantee for future
  recycling
• - Proof that in a collective system, OR
• - Recycling insurance, OR
• - Blocked bank account

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Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment
(WEEE) Directive Historic/ Orphaned Products

• Existing producers are responsible
• By proportion of market share, by type of
  equipment, when costs occur
• Processed through a collective system.

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Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment
(WEEE) Directive UK Clearing House

• The Clearing House would possibly allocate each
  collection to an individual or groups of
  producers, who would have to collect their waste
  within a set time for treatment.The producers
  or their compliance organisations must contract
  with treatment organisations for recycling and
  reporting of data.

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Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment
(WEEE) Directive UK Clearing House

• Provide a free collection service, on demand
  within a stipulated timescale, from a civic
  amenity (CA) and retailer collection sites
• Run and operated by producers not for profit
• Allocate WEEE direct to producers to arrange
  treatment, recovery and recycling
• Work with enforcement authorities
• Could hold register of producers, collect data on
  products put onto the UK market

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Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment
(WEEE) Directive Recovery and Recycling

• Recovery and recycling targets - 31st December
  2006
• Recycling includes re-use of components, and
  processing material and substances for use in
  future products.
• Recovery includes the recycling element plus
  incineration for energy recovery and composting.

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Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment
(WEEE) Directive Recovery/ Recycling Targets By
Product Category

• Product categories Recovery/recycling
  targets
• Large Household appliances 80/75
• Small household appliances 70/50
• IT and Telecommunications 75/65
• Consumer equipment 75/65
• Lighting equipment 70/50
• Electrical and electronic tools 70/50
• Toys, leisure sports 70/50
• Medical devices No targets yet
• Monitoring and control equipment 70/50
• Automatic dispensers 80/75
• Gas discharge lamps 80/80

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Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment
(WEEE) Directive Treatment 1

• Producers must treat WEEE beginning 31st December
  2006
• Pre-treatment by disassembly, shredding, recovery
  or preparation for disposal of WEEE
• Removal of all fluids and selective treatment
• Can be done on an individual or collective basis
• Third party organisations may be used
• Minimum quality, storage and treatment
  requirements
• Permits will be required to treat WEEE
• Treatment outside EU is possible

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Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment
(WEEE) Directive Treatment 2

• Separation of hazardous components and
• materials at end of life including
• Asbestos waste and components containing asbestos
• Mercury containing components
• Batteries
• Printed circuit boards over 10 square cms (all
  mobiles)
• Toner cartridges, liquid and pasty as well as
  colour
• Cathode ray tubes (CRTs)
• Liquid crystal displays over 100 square cms
• Electrolyte capacitors
• Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) containing
  capacitors
• Plastics brominated flame retardants
• External electric cables

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Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment
(WEEE) Directive Requirements on Producers

• Producers of all new products sold on the EU
  market after August 13, 2005 must
• Consider product content and design
• Provide information to users
• Mark the product with crossed-out dustbin and
  possibly date

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Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment
(WEEE) Directive Marking and Information

• Government proposes to meet the Directives
  provisions by
• Obligation on producers to meet the Directives
  marking requirements (will take account of
  CENELEC standard)
• Obligation on producers to make available
  information, on request, on scope for recycling
  of their products
• Obligation on retailer take-back organisation to
  signpost consumer to local WEEE collection

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Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment
(WEEE) Directive Register ofProducers

• The WEEE Directive requires a register of
  products
• Government has proposed that registration be a
  condition of placing electrical and electronic
  equipment on the UK market
• Aiming at light touch registration
• Register could be held by Clearing House
• Environment Agencies to enforce

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Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS)
Directive Background

• Published - February 2003
• Member States transposition by August 2004
• Lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, PBB,
  and PBDE banned from 1st July 2006
• The producer is responsible for all costs
• This is an Article 95 Single Market Directive.
  Non-compliance could result in products being
  banned for sale within the EU until the offending
  substance(s) is removed

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Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS)
Directive Scope

• All products in the WEEE Directive except medical
  equipment and monitoring and control equipment
• This Directive does not apply to spare parts for
  the repair, or to the reuse, of electrical and
  electronic equipment put on the market before 1
  July 2006.

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Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS)
Directive Lead

• A threshold limit of 0.1 of homogeneous material
  will be put on the use of lead (The definition of
  homogeneous material has not yet been agreed)
• Lead could be used in
• solder for electronics
• SMD pads
• protective covering for cables
• heat transfer medium
• batteries
• pigments
• corrosion inhibitors
• paints
• protection from X-rays
• alloy in steel, copper and other metals
• plastics
• ceramics.

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Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS)
Directive Lead Exemptions

• Lead in glass of cathode ray tubes, electronic
  components and fluorescent tubes
• Lead as an alloying element in steel containing
  up to 0.35 lead by weight, aluminium containing
  up to 0.4 lead by weight and as a copper alloy
  containing up to 4 lead by weight
• Lead in solders for servers, storage and storage
  array systems (exemption granted until 2010)
• Lead in solders for network infrastructure
  equipment for switching, signalling, transmission
  as well as network management for
  telecommunication
• Lead in electronic ceramic parts (e.g.
  piezoelectronic devices)

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Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS)
Directive Cadmium

• A threshold limit of 0.01 of homogeneous
  material will be put on the use of Cadmium
• Cadmium could be used in
• steel and copper alloys.
• electroplating for steel cast iron,
• stabilisers in polymers,
• pigments in paints and plastics,
• batteries including Ni-Cd,
• solder including for aluminium,
• reactor control rods,
• catalysts

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Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS)
Directive Cadmium Exemptions

• Cadmium plating except for applications banned
  under Directive 91/338/EEC amending Directive
  76/769/EEC relating to restrictions on the
  marketing and use of certain dangerous substances
  and preparations
• 91/338/EEC bans cadmium plating in the following
  applications
• Equipment and machinery for food production
  agriculture, cooling and freezing, printing and
  book-binding. Production of household goods,
  furniture, sanitary ware, central heating and air
  conditioning plant, paper and board, textiles and
  clothing
• Industrial handling equipment and machinery, road
  and agricultural vehicles, rolling stock, and
  vessels. Exemptions for safety critical
  applications/sectors including electrical
  contacts in any sector of use, on account of the
  reliability required of the apparatus on which
  they are installed

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Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS)
Directive Mercury

• A threshold limit of 0.1 of homogeneous material
  will be put on the use of Mercury
• Mercury could be used in
• accumulators
• anti-fouling paints
• back lights for LCDs
• barometers
• batteries
• electrical switches
• electric rectifiers
• high density discharge lamps
• pyrometers
• thermostats.

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Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS)
Directive Mercury Exemptions

• Mercury in compact fluorescent lamps not
  exceeding 5 mg per lamp
• Mercury in straight fluorescent lamps for general
  purposes not exceeding
• halophosphate 10 mg
• triphosphate with normal lifetime 5 mg
• triphosphate with long lifetime 8 mg
• Mercury in straight fluorescent lamps for special
  purposes
• Mercury in other lamps not specifically mentioned
  in this Annex

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Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS)
Directive Hexavalent Chromium

• A threshold limit of 0.1 of homogeneous material
  will be put on the use of Hexavalent Chromium
• Hexavalent Chromium could be used in
• electroplating plating of metals, (fasteners,
  electronic components)
• pigments
• plastics etchant for electroless plating,
• solderability preservatives

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Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS)
Directive Hexavalent Chromium Exemptions

• Hexavalent chromium as an anti-corrosive in
  carbon steel cooling systems in absorption
  refrigerators.

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Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS)
Directive PBBs

• A threshold limit of 0.1 of homogeneous material
  will be put on the use of Polybrominated
  Biphenyls (PBBs)
• PBBs could be used in
• plastic components
• wiring
• vehicle (under bonnet) connectors
• housings
• textiles.

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Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS)
Directive PBDEs

• A threshold limit of 0.1 of homogeneous material
  will be put on the use of Polybrominated Diphenyl
  Ethers (PBDEs).
• PBDEs could be used in
• plastic components
• textiles.

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Restriction of Hazardous Substances RoHS
Directive PBDEs Exemptions

• Penta and Octa - BDEs are included in the ban
• Deca - BDE is a undergoing separate risk
  assessment. It will probably be exempted.

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Energy Using Products (EuP) Directive Background

• What is the EuP Directive?
• Since over 80 of all product-related
  environmental impacts are determined during the
  product design phase, integrating environmental
  considerations early into the product development
  process is the most effective way of reducing
  their impact. This is what the EuP is trying to
  address.
• The EuP Directive attempts to set a common
  framework under which this should be done for
  energy using and producing products.

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Energy Using Products (EuP) Directive Scope

• EuP Directive applies to products dependent on
  energy input and output by electricity, fossil
  and renewable fuels. It includes parts intended
  to be incorporated in the EuP
• EuP Directive does not apply to products used for
  transportation

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Energy Using Products (EuP) Directive Status

• The proposal has just passed the Committee stage
  in the European Parliament.
• European Parliament and the Council have been
  rushing to complete work on adopting it before
  the European Parliament elections and the
  enlargement of the EU this year.
• Proposal to change the focus from Article 95
  (Single Market) to Article 175

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Energy Using Products (EuP) Directive Impact

• Orgalime Press Statement
• This is one of the most ambitious, complex and
  far reaching pieces of legislation which our
  industries have faced in the last twenty years
• EuP will indeed establish a framework in an
  area, which is at the core of the manufacturers
  competence, namely the design of his product.

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Energy Using Products (EuP) Directive A
Framework Directive

• What is a Framework Directive?
• It sets guidelines and rules on how any new laws
  on specific product(s) within the scope of the
  Framework, called implementation legislation,
  should be written.
• The Framework Directive will focus on products
• - Large volume
• - Major environmental impacts
• - Areas for improvement
• Any implementation legislation can then be
  introduced rapidly.

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Energy Using Products (EuP) Directive Ecological
Profile

• Companies will be required to produce an
  Ecological Profile of a product. This consists
  of two parts
• Generic Eco-design Requirements Gives general
  principles and criteria on how eco-design should
  be applied during product launch.
• Specific Eco-design Requirements Specific
  limits/targets to be met.

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Energy Using Products (EuP) Directive Components
Sub-assemblies

• Suppliers of components and sub-assemblies will
  have to supply the information to allow
  manufacturers of energy using products (EuPs) to
  build an ecological profile of their products.
• This could result in suppliers having to provide
  information on
• Material composition
• Energy consumption and other resource use
• Environmental assessment related to their use and
  end-of-life management.

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Energy Using Products (EuP) Directive Conformity
Assessment

• Every new product covered by the implementation
  legislation will require a conformity assessment
  carried out on it prior to market launch.
• This assessment will have to be done under a
  documented system called Internal Design
  Control and available for inspection.
• For manufacturers not established in the EU, it
  is the responsibility of the person putting it on
  the EU market to ensure the requirements are met.

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Energy Using Products (EuP) Directive Conclusions

• The text of the proposal states the Directive
  should be
• implemented by national governments by the 1st
  July 2006.
• Producers will need to include eco-design in
  there product development process in order to
  minimise their end-of-life treatment costs. It
  therefore makes sense to take into account the
  EuP Directive when doing this.
• Lack of good data is major current and future
  concern
• Controlling Conformity Assessment of companies
  with no presence in Europe will be a mammoth task
  for importers.

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Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of
Chemicals (REACH) Background

• Legislation would be introduced to cover all
  substances used in quantities above 1 ton per
  year
• All applicable existing substances to be tested
  and registered 30,000 substances
• Production volume greater than 1000 t by the end
  of 2005
• Production volume greater than 100 t by the end
  of 2008
• Production volume greater than 1 t by the end of
  2012

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Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of
Chemicals (REACH) Implications

• Producers and importers to pay the costs,
  estimated at about 2.1 billion by the EU.
• Responsibility for use of chemicals will be
  extended along the manufacturing chain
• Downstream users could be required to carry out
  additional testing where use differs from those
  originally envisaged by manufacturers and
  importers

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Integrated Product Policy (IPP) Definitions

• Integrated Product Policy (IPP)
• Public policy which aims at or is suitable for
  continuous improvement in the environmental
  performance of products and services within a
  life-cycle context.(Federal Ministry for the
  Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear
  Safety, Bonn, June 1999)
• Environmental Product Policy (EPP)
• A broad term for environmental product policies
  used for national product policies in national
  states

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Integrated Product Policy (IPP) Communication 1

• June 2003
• DG Environment
• Greening the market
• Focus products rather products services
• Approach 5 elements
• - Lifecycle Thinking (LCT)
• - Working with the market
• - Stakeholder involvement
• - Continuous improvement
• - Variety of policy instruments

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Integrated Product Policy (IPP) Communication 1

• Focus pilots on specific product areas
• - Large volume
• - Major environmental impacts
• - Areas for improvement
• Extension
• - Company obligation (not before 2005)
• - Environmental product declarations (2005)
• - Green procurement plans (2006)

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ISOTR14062 integration of environmental
considerations into product design development
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seeba website

• Further information on the status of the WEEE,
  RoHS, EuP, REACH, IPP and ISOTR14062 can be found
  on the seeba website at
• www.cfsd.org.uk/seeba
• Includes
• Links to the full text of the directive.
• Status in the individual EU countries.
• Fact sheets on the directive
• Presentations from some of the leading experts in
  the field.
• Legislation and environmental information for
  over 70 countries.

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Contact Details
Professor Martin Charter Director Martin Charter
Associates Tel [phone] Fax 00 44
1252 722162 Email martincharter_at_compuserve.com
The Centre for Sustainable Design Tel 01252
892772 Fax [phone] Email
mcharter_at_surrart.ac.uk Web www.cfsd.org.uk