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The Biological Bases of Behavior

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The Biological Bases of Behavior. Dr. Shana Pack. Department of Psychology ... Neurochemistry and behavior. The cerebral cortex. A few other brain structures ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Biological Bases of Behavior


1
The Biological Bases of Behavior
  • Dr. Shana Pack
  • Department of Psychology
  • Western Kentucky University

2
Lecture Outline
  • Why is brain function important to psychology?
  • Whats inside your head?
  • The divisions of the human nervous system
  • Parts of the neuron
  • Neurochemistry and behavior
  • The cerebral cortex
  • A few other brain structures

3
Why is brain function important to psychology?
  • Simple behaviors
  • Complex behaviors
  • Emotions
  • Personality
  • Thinking (Cognition)
  • Mental disorders

4
Whats inside your head?
  • Blood
  • Meninges
  • Cerebrospinal fluid
  • Glia
  • Neurons (nerve cells)

5
The divisions of the human nervous system
6
The Autonomic Nervous System
7
Parts of the neuron
  • Dendrites
  • Axon
  • myelin sheath
  • action potential
  • Terminal button

8
Neurochemistry and behavior
  • Neurotransmitters the synapse

9
Neurochemistry and behavior, contd.
  • Agonist mimics a neurotransmitter
  • Antagonist blocks the effects of a
    neurotransmitter

10
Acetylcholine
  • Always used by a motor neuron onto muscle
  • Also used by the autonomic nervous system
  • Deficient in Alzheimers disease
  • Agonist nicotine
  • Antagonist curare

11
The endorphins
  • A group of several neurotransmitters
  • Primary use in central nervous system is in pain
    regulation
  • Agonists morphine, heroine, codeine

12
Dopamine
  • Found throughout the nervous system, including
    the brain and autonomic nervous system
  • In the brain, regulates such things as motor
    abilities, reinforcement
  • All drugs of abuse facilitate dopamine
  • Dopamine releaser amphetamine
  • Dopamine facilitator cocaine

13
Dopamine, continued
  • Deficient in Parkinsons disease
  • Dopamine facilitator DOPA
  • (Theoretically) excessive in schizophrenia
  • Dopamine antagonist haloperidol (Haldol)

14
The cerebral cortex
  • Cerebral hemispheres
  • Four lobes of the
    cerebrum
  • frontal
  • parietal
  • temporal
  • occipital

15
Frontal lobe
  • Location forehead
  • Functions
  • motor (primary motor cortex)
  • some memory processes
  • monitors, organizes, directs thoughts
  • personality
  • language production (Brocas area)
  • Associated Disorder
  • Alzheimers Disease

16
Temporal Lobe
  • Location ears
  • Functions
  • hearing (primary auditory cortex)
  • some emotions (part of the limbic system)
  • language reception (Wernikes area)

17
Parietal Lobe
  • Location top, middle of head
  • Functions
  • somatosensation (primary somatosensory cortex)
  • spatial abilities

18
Occipital lobe
  • Location Back of head
  • Function vision

19
A few other brain structures
  • Pons medulla
  • vital functions
  • circadian rhythm
  • Cerebellum
  • motor coordination
  • Corpus callosum
  • connects the hemispheres
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