Numbering Systems for Alloys

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Numbering Systems for Alloys
AISI
SAE

• RefEngineering Materials Propertieand
  Selection, K.G. Budinski and M. K. Budinski, 7th
  ed., Prentice Hall, 2002 (Chap. 8 16)

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How can you tell the others exactly which kind of
material you want?
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Figure 1 (a) In a blast furnace, iron ore is
reduced using coke (carbon) and air to produce
liquid pig iron. The high-carbon content in the
pig iron is reduce by introducing oxygen into the
basic oxygen furnace to produce liquid steel. An
electric arc furnace can be used to produce
liquid steel by melting scrap. (b) Schematic of a
blast furnace operation. (Source www.steel.org.
Used with permission of the American Iron and
Steel Institute.)
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What do these codes mean?

• AISI 1020 steel
• ASTM A 29 grade 1020 steel
• UNS G10200
• SAE 1006
• 6061-T6
• 3003-H38

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What You Should Include in the Specifications of
a Material ?

• Description e.g. steel, hot-finished,
  low-carbon, bar, ASTM A29 grade B
• Dimension
• Chemical composition
• Mechanical properties
• Dimension tolerance LWH, flatness, etc.
• Finish hot-rolled, cold rolled, patterned
• Special requirements heat treatment, texture,
  etc.

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Ferrous Alloys
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Features of the Fe - Fe3C Diagram
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Some Specifications applicable to Steel Products
and other Metals
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Classifications of Steel
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The Most Widely Used System for Designating
Steels SAE-AISI
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Effects of Alloying Elements
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Effects of Alloying Elements
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Effects of Alloying Elements
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Unified Numbering System (UNS)

• Developed by ASTM and SAE
• Not a specification but only identify an alloy
  covered by other standards
• The 5 digits closely related to the original
  identification system. E.g. AISI 1020 G10200
• Adopted by the Copper Development Association as
  official identification system for Cu alloys

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Most Frequently Used Carbon and Alloy Steels in
the US

• SAE 1010 formed sheet-metal parts
• SAE 1020 general machine applications
• SAE 1040 flame- or induction-hardened parts
• ASTM A36 structural steel
• SAE 4140 high-strength machine parts
• SAE 4340 high-strength machine parts
• SAE 8620 carburized wear parts

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Yield Strengths Ranges of Steels
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Example
Design of Surface-Hardening Treatments for a
Drive Train
Design the materials and heat treatments for an
automobile axle and drive gear
Figure 1 Sketch of axle and gear assembly .
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Tool Steel Categories
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Tool Steel Types

• High alloy content and thus high hardenability
• Melted by electric furnace for cleanliness and
  alloy content control
• Melted in small heats and subjected to tight
  quality control

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Stainless Steel Family
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Crucial Properties of Stainless Steels
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A Repertoire of Stainless Steels
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A Repertoire of Stainless Steels
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Aluminium Alloys
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Wrought Aluminium Alloys Aluminum Association
designation system
Indicate the Al content above 99, e.g. 1040 has
99.40 Al
Second digit designates mill control on specific
elements
The last two digits have no significance, except
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Cast Aluminium Alloy Designations
The last digit indicates product form 0 for a
casting, 1 for ingot form
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Additional Designation of the state of the
Aluminium Alloy

• Al alloys can be precipitation hardened and
  work-hardened to different extents.

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Types of Strain Hardening and thermal treatment
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Degree of Strain Hardening

• The second digit indicate the degree of strain
  hardening
• 1 indicates smallest amount of cold-work and 8
  indicates maximum of cold work

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Temper Designations
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Temper Designations
Other variations can be denoted by adding more
digits after these designations
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Examples

• 3003-H38 3003 alloy cold finished to full hard
  temper and stress relieved by a low temperature
  treatment
• 6061-T6 6061 alloy, solution heat treated and
  furnace aged hardened.

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Most commonly used Aluminium alloys

• Wrought alloys
• 1100 (pure Al)
• 2024
• 3003
• 5052
• 6061
• 6063
• 7075

• Sand Cast
• 355.0
• Die Cast
• 380.0

can be age hardened Blue shaded mainly for
aerospace applications
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More to come

• Steels and Al alloys are the most widely used
  alloys
• Other important classes are Cu alloys, Mg alloys,
  Ni alloys and Ti alloys, etc.
• ASM Metals Handbook or ASTM
• yearbooks are always good places to start when
  looking for the alloys information

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• Thank You!!
• Discussions?