Sentient Transportation Systems

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Sentient Transportation Systems

• Using sensor networks for building a full
  fledged transportation system for a township
• Mobile Computing Class
• CEN 5531
• Fall 2006
• Sundara Dinakar
• Moumita Ghosh
• Shreyas Dube

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Sentient Transportation Systems

• Sentient Systems
• Sentient Transportation Systems
• Integration of application areas
• "Drivers Domain
• Navigation
• Road and traffic information
• "Passenger Domain
• Entertainment
• Information on vehicle performance
• Nice driving experience

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Drivers domain Navigation

• Before a journey, vehicles are notified about the
  virtual circuit (GPS ) waypoint information,
  vehicle builds RTImage (real-time perception)
• The cooperation between vehicles is critical to
  avoid collisions (through sensors)
• CORS (Continuously Operating Reference Stations)
• A Dead-Reckoning (DR) system kicks in to
  complement the GPS system

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How do nodes communicate?

• City divided into zones
• Event based communication between vehicles
• Using publisher subscriber model
• Vehicles have filters

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Drivers domain Congestion Control

• Access Points collect information about
  congestion in zones from vehicles traveling there
• Different Access Points from the same zone and
  different zones form a peer to peer network to
  exchange congestion information
• Vehicles record their speeds on each road, which
  when compared with the roads' speed limits gives
  an indication of the degree of congestion. On
  entering an area covered by a Wireless Access
  Point (AP), they report this data.

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Inter-vehicle communication MANET (Mobile Ad
hoc Network)

• Ad hoc networks operate without a fixed
  infrastructure
• Multi-hop transmission
• Issues
• Limited power
• Frequently changing topology

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Multicast in MANET - Approaches

• Tree based
• Group of core nodes run a multicast tree
  algorithm
• Topology information needed
• Not suitable for changing topology
• Mesh based
• Uses a mesh to support multicast forwarding
• Inefficient Control overhead
• Suitable for changing topology
• Flooding based
• No Control overhead
• Consumes too much network
• resource

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RISP (Receiver-Initiated Soft-State
Probabilistic multicasting protocol)

• The source node initiates a session by sending
  Beacon packets
• Upon receiving a Beacon, receivers send Join_REQ
  packets to join the multicast session and keep
  the session alive
• On receiving the first Join_REQ packet, the
  source begins to send data packets

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Example

• Link failure

• Link addition

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RISP Conclusion

• RISP introduces probabilistic forwarding and
  soft-state for making relay decisions
• RISP can adapt to node mobility
• At low mobility, RISP performs similar to a
  tree-based protocol
• At high mobility, it produces a multicast mesh in
  the network
• Simulation results show that RISP has a lower
  delivery redundancy than mesh-based protocols,
  while it achieves higher delivery ratio
• The control overhead is lower than other protocols

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Infotainment

• A pleasant driving experience.
• Nearest pizza shop
• Automatic Up/Down of window shutters
• Information about the vehicle
• Air pressure in the wheel
• Oil leak
• Brake failure
• Achieved thru a well-planned sensory platform
  backed up with a powerful software framework.

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Challenges in attaining infotainment

• Pervasive system that enables seamless
  integration of mobile devices
• Web service connectivity / basic navigation /
  vehicle diagnostics.
• Upgradeable, flexible and reliable.
• Harsh conditions extreme temperatures / dust /
  vibrations
• Graceful recovery from various faults.
• Performance
• Never cause a drain on the vehicle battery.
• Obedient to hard timing constraints regarding
  network bus responsiveness.
• Feature richness, Renewability, user interface.

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The middleware

• CAN (Controller Area network) protocol stack to
  deliver messages between Electronic Control Units
  (ECU).

Prioritization of messages.
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Characteristics Of Middleware

• Diagnostics
• Communication Services
• Device Management (over the air and USB)
• Power Management
• Speech Service
• Movement detection service
• Media player functionality
• GPS service

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Finding obstacles in vehicles path

• Vision sensors to find change in the color of the
  terrain.
• Creation of context awareness

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Passenger domain Infotainment

• Automotive Platform Components

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Passenger domain Infotainment

• Automotive Platform Components consist of
• Hardware
• Drivers
• Operating System
• Application Framework
• HMI framework
• Application HMI

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Other uses of Sensors in the System

• Stop at traffic signals (without human control)
• Use of RFID in rental cars( for inventory
  control)
• Use vehicles as Environmental Sensors, to collect
  large geospatial database

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THANK YOU