Leveling Equipment

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Leveling Equipment
Mr. Conrado
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Leveling Equipment

• One of the most common operations in Ag and
  Construction surveying.
• Used to determine differences in land elevation
  in reference to a level plane.
• The most basic tool used for leveling is known
  simply as a level or tripod level.

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Principles of Operation

• Imagine a carpenters level fitted with a support
  tripod and a set of sights. If leveled the line
  of sight will be a level line.
• Every point across the line is at the same
  elevation.
• Can be used as a reference line to determine the
  difference in elevation of points on the ground.

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Types of Levels

• Instruments are identified by the primary use for
  which they are intended.
• Dumpy level
• Transit
• Contractors level
• Farm level
• Automatic level

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Types of Levels

• Dumpy Level
• Rigidly constructed
• The tube, supports, and horizontal bar are all
  made in one casting.
• 4 Leveling screws are used to level the
  instrument to the horizontal plane.
• Generally used for
• Profiles
• Differential Surveys
• Drainage Irrigation
• Building Layout

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Types of Levels

• Transit
• Constructed to move sideways and in a vertical
  plane.
• Otherwise like a dumpy level
• Used for
• Roads
• Buildings
• Vertical Planes

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Types of Levels

• Contractors Level
• The site tube is set inside a turret.
• Used for
• Building Layout
• Foundations
• Elevations

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Types of Levels

• Farm Level
• Lightweight, dependable, and inexpensive.
• Used for
• Contour mapping
• Irrigation
• Elevation
• Grades
• Terracing

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Types of Levels

• Automatic Level
• Once leveled it will maintain its level
  automatically.
• Allows for
• Quick set-ups
• Error minimization
• Very accurate
• Very expensive
• Used when very rapid and accurate measurements
  are needed.

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Parts of the Level

• Telescope Tube
• Sighting device
• Precision optics to enlarge
• Eye Piece
• Used to adjust the focus of the crosshairs
• Crosshairs
• Used to align or center the line of site with a
  perpendicular object.
• Objective Focus
• Used to focus the objective lens, to focus on the
  view

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Parts of the Level

• Objective
• A compound lens that forms an image of the object
  being sighted.
• Sunshade
• Located on the objective used to reduce glare.
• Level Tube
• Used to indicate levelness or the line of sight

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Parts of the Level

• Azimuth
• A circular plate graduated in degrees. Very much
  like a protractor.
• Index or Witness Mark
• Identifies the degrees on the Azimuth.

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Parts of the Level

• Leveling Screws
• Supports for adjusting the level tube.
• Plumb Bob Attachment
• Located on bottom of instrument
• Serves as center point of the instrument.

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Proper Care of Levels

• Always transport instrument in its carrying case
  when moving locations.
• Place all lens caps and tripod caps in instrument
  box to prevent loss.
• Never force or over tighten leveling screws.
• Protect lenses from direct sun.

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Proper Care of Levels

• Loosen tripod leg friction screws before setting
  up or moving tripod.
• Carry instrument when attached to the tripod
  under arm with instrument forward. Never over the
  shoulder.
• Use lens tissue to clean lenses.

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Homework