Intermodal Transportation and Commodity Chains: New York and the Global, Regional and Local Nexus

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Intermodal Transportation and Commodity Chains
New York and the Global, Regional and Local Nexus

• Jean-Paul RodrigueAssociate Professor, Dept. of
  Economics Geography, Hofstra University, New
  York, USA
• Email ecojpr_at_hofstra.edu
• Paper available at
• http//people.hofstra.edu/faculty/Jean-paul_Rodrig
  ue

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New York as a Nexus Commodity Chains and
Transportation
Global
Production
Gateways
Regional
Distribution
Corridors
Local
Consumption
Terminals
Commodity Chains
Transportation
Integrated Transport Systems
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The Global Nexus Commodity Chains and Global
Production Networks
?
Global Production Networks Container Ports as
Gateways Integrated Transport Systems
UPS Willow Springs Distribution Center, Chicago
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Spaces, Networks and Flows in a Global Economy

• Globalization a clustered and spatially diffused
  process
• In terms of production and consumption.
• Distribution is reconciling spatially diverse
  demands for raw materials, parts and finished
  goods.
• The backbone of globalization
• Networks are established to support distribution.
• Nodes are regulating the flows within networks.
• As international trade increases, nodes have
  become strategic locations.

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Commodity Chains and Added Value
High
RD
Globalization
Sales / Service
Marketing
Branding
Added value
Distribution
Design
Concept
Manufacturing
Logistics
Low
Commodity chain
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Disconnection of Global Production and
Distribution
Core Base
Manufacturing Base
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The Emergence of Global Production Networks

• The Logistical Nexus
• Fast growth of international trade with the full
  realization of comparative advantages.
• Geographical and functional integration of
  production, distribution and consumption.
• Commodity / Supply Chains.
• Transportation integrated in the production /
  retailing process.
• Global Production Networks (GPN).
• Logistical poles where value added activities are
  performed.
• Entirely new nodal locations.

Flows
Stage
Network
Parts and raw materials
Bulk shipping
High volumes Low frequency
Unit shipping
Manufacturing and assembly
Commodity Chain
Average volumes High frequency
Transport Chain
Distribution
LTL shipping
Low volumes High frequency
Market
Market
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Traffic at the 50 Largest Container Ports, 2004
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Integrated Transport Systems From Fragmentation
to Coordination
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Major US Modal Gateways, 2004
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The Three Main Gateways of North America
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The Regional Nexus Freight Distribution,
Gateways and Corridors
?
Intermodalism and Transmodalism Corridors
Translisft crane, NS Rutherford yard, PA
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Intermodal and Transmodal Operations
Intermodal Operations
Transmodal Operations
Intermodal Terminal
DCs / CD
ROAD
Transloading
Thruport
RAIL
Port container yard
On-dock rail
Ship-to-ship
MARITIME
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Intermodal Transport Chain
Composition
Last mile
Interchange
Transfer
Decomposition
Local / Regional Distribution
First mile
National / International Distribution
Transport Terminal
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Main North American Trade Corridors and
Metropolitan Freight Centers
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Level of Congestion of the Interstate Highway
System
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The Local Nexus Terminals
?
Terminalization of Ports Port Regionalization
APL Australia entering San Francisco Harbor
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The Value Capture Process along Commodity Chains
Maritime Services
Port Holding
Port Authority
Port Services
Inland Services
Horizontal Integration
Vertical Integration
Maritime Shipping
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Logistics Soft Pressures on Hard Assets
Customer
Shipper
Logistical
Transport
Valorization
Demand Pull
Infrastructural
Locational
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Port Holdings as Elements of the Maritime / Land
Interface

• Horizontal integration using fixed assets
• More than 40 of global containerized traffic
  (2006).
• Gain a foothold in a wide variety of markets
  (strategic positioning).
• Financial assets.
• Managerial expertise.
• Gateway access.
• Leverage.
• Traffic capture.
• Global perspective.

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The Spatial Development of a Port System Towards
Regionalization
Phase 2 Penetration and hinterland capture
Phase 1 Scattered ports
LAND
SEA
Phase 4 Centralization
Phase 3 Interconnection concentration
Phase 6 Regionalization
Phase 5 Decentralization and insertion of
offshore hub
Freight corridor
Load center
Interior centre
Deepsea liner services
Regional load centre network
Shortsea/feeder services
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Cargo Handled by the Port of New York, 1991-2006
(metric tons)
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Annual Traffic at Some NY / NJ Crossings, 2005
(millions of vehicles)
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Truck Freight Corridors
New York
New Jersey
TZB
Connecticut
8.4
23.2
7.8
7.4
GWB
Bronx
8.6
5.2
TBB
TNB
LT
5.7
WSB
Manhattan
LGA
Long Island
QMT
HT
Queens
EWR
BBT
4.2
1.9
GTB
BYB
6.4
Brooklyn
JFK
VZB
Staten Island
8.4
1.5
Major Crossing
OCB
1,000 of Trucks per Day (2000)
2.0
4.8
About 70 million truck crossings per year
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Rail Freight Corridors and Port Facilities
New York
New Jersey
Bronx
Manhattan
NJ Distribution Cluster
Long Island
Queens
Brooklyn
Staten Island
Port Terminal
Intermodal Terminal
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Intermodal Facilities and Navigation Channels of
the Port of New York, 2007
Albers Equal-Area Conic Projection
East River
40
45
Hudson River
1- Port Newark 2- Port Elizabeth 3- Global Marine
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Newark Bay Channel
40
Red Hook
40
1
3
Upper Bay Channel
South Brooklyn
2
50
Brooklyn
50
Daily Truck Movements (one way), 2001
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Kill Van Kull Channel
Howland Hook
New Jersey
50
37
Arthur Kill Channel
The Narrows
Staten Island
Navigation Channel
Ambrose Channel
45
50
30
Control Depth (feet)
Main Ship Channel
N
Intermodal Terminal
37
Arthur Kill Channel
37
Container Port (proposed)
Raritan Bay Channel
Major Highway
Proposed rail tunnel
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The Regina Maersk Could Barely Make it but The
Emma Maersk Cannot